782 CLUSIACEAE 



b. Stigmas brush-like : endosperm copious. Fam. 8. TURNERACEAE. 



B. Styles wholly and permanently united. 

 Corolla regular. 



Anther-sacs opening by apical chinks. Fam. 9. BIXACEAE. 



Anther-sacs opening longitudinally. Fam. 10. CISTACEAE. 



Corolla irregular, the petals markedly unequal and one of them 



spurred : stamens 5. Fam. 11. VIOLACEAE. 



FAMILY 1. CANELLACEAE Mart. WILD CINNAMON FAMILY. 



Tropical American trees, with a pale aromatic bark. Leaves alternate, 

 without stipules : blades entire, pellucid-punctate. Inflorescence eorymbose- 

 cymose. Flowers perfect, regular. Calyx of 3 thick imbricated sepals. Corolla 

 of 4-12 narrow imbricated thick petals, or wanting. Androecium of numerous 

 stamens. Filaments united into a tube which encloses the pistil. Anthers narrow, 

 extrorse, adnate to the filament-tube. Gynoecium of 2-5 united carpels. Ovary 

 free, 1-celled, with 2-5 parietal placentae. Style thick. Stigma 2-5-lobed. 

 Ovules 2-several, horizontal, almost anatropous. Fruit a berry. Seeds 2 or 

 several, with a shining crustaceous testa. Endosperm fleshy, oily. Embryo 

 straight, or slightly curved in the endosperm. 



1. CANELLA P. Br. 



Trees, with a gray bark and glabrous foliage. Leaves alternate : blades leathery, 

 broadest above the middle. Flowers small, in terminal cymes. Sepals 3, much longer 

 than the bractlets. Petals 5. Stamens mostly 15-20 : filament-tube projecting beyond the 

 anthers. Ovary elongated, with 2 parietal placentae, enclosed in the filament-tube. Ovules 

 3-4. Berry subglobose. Seeds 3-4, filling the cavity of the berry. Embryo slightly 

 curved and to one side of the axis of the endosperm. 



1. Canella Winteriana (L. ) Gaertn. A glabrous spicy tree, 5-15 m. tall. Trunk 

 sometimes 2-2.5 dm. thick : leaf -blades oblanceolate, spatulate or oblong-spatulate, 3-10 

 cm. long, obtuse, deep green and lustrous above, paler beneath, slightly revolute, entire, 

 short -petioled : cymes few-flowered : sepals 3, orbicular-reniform, 2. 5-3 mm. broad, very 

 thick : petals 5, oblong, 4.5-5 mm. long, obtuse, leathery, purple, deciduous : staminal 

 tube about 3 mm. high, ovoid : anthers linear, 15-20 : style nearly columnar : berry sub- 

 globose, about 1 cm. in diameter, bright crimson, subtended by the persistent sepals : seeds 

 obovoid. [(7. alba Murr.] 



In dense forests on the Florida Keys. Also in the West Indies. Flowers in the fall. CINNAMON- 

 BARK. WILD CINNAMON. WHITEWOOD. 



FAMILY 2. CLUSIACEAE Lindl. BALSAM-TREE FAMILY. 



Shrubs or trees, with an acrid resinous sap. Leaves opposite, sometimes 

 whorled : blades entire. Flowers mostly dioecious or polygamous, solitary or in 

 cymes. Calyx of 2-6 strongly imbricated sepals. Corolla white, pink or yellow, 

 of 4-9 hypogynous petals. Androecium of numerous stamens, reduced in the 

 pistillate flowers. Filaments wholly or partially united. Gynoecium of 2 or 

 more united thick carpels. Ovary 2-several-celled, its base, at least, surrounded 

 by the united parts of the androecium. Styles very stout or wanting. Stigmas 

 thick. Ovules several or many. Fruit baccate, drupaceous or capsular. Seeds 

 sometimes arillate. Endosperm wanting. 



1. CLUSIA L. 



Commonly evergreen epiphytic shrubs or trees, with erect or climbing stems. Leaf- 

 blades broadest above the middle. Flowers solitary or few in axillary or terminal cymes. 

 Sepals 4-6, imbricated. Petals 4-9, commonly broadest above the middle, leathery. Stam- 

 inodia several to many in the pistillate flowers. Ovary 8-10-celled : stigma radiate. 

 Ovules numerous, on axile placentae. Capsules mostly leathery, angled, septicidal. 



1. Cluaia flava Jacq. A glabrous evergreen tree sometimes becoming 20 m. tall 

 Leaf-blades leathery, cuneate-obovate, 1-2.5 dm. long, obtuse or retuse at the apex, entire 

 many-ribbed, short-petioled : sepals suborbicular, leathery : petals yellow, broadly obovate, 

 2.5-3 mm. long, somewhat unequal : capsule pyriform or globular : seeds usually 12, glob- 

 ular, embedded in a thin pulp. 



In sand or coral rock, Florida Keys. Also in tropical America. 



