VIOLACEAE 



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Spurred petal villous at base, the lateral ones with 



capillary beard. 

 Foliage finely pubescent. 



Leaf-blades ovate-oblong, acute. 



Leaf-blades ovate to orbicular, obtuse. 

 Foliage nearly or quite glabrous. 



Leaf-blades oblong-lanceolate, incised at base. 



Leaf-blades deltoid to broadly ovate, coarsely 

 toothed at base. 



Leaf-blades uncut or pedately 3-9-lobed. 



Leaf-blades palmately cut into 9-30 lobes. 



b. Corolla white: plant stoloniferous. 



Cleistogamous flowers on prostrate peduncles, their capsules 

 ovoid, commonly reddish brown: plants of cold 

 ravines and low rich woods. 



Lateral petals bearded: seeds obtuse at base. 



Lateral petals beardless: seeds acute at base. 

 Cleistogamous flowers on erect peduncles, their capsules 

 ellipsoid, green: plants of open bogs. 



Leaf-blades broadly cordate-ovate: seeds 1 mm. long. 



Leaf-blades ovate or oblong, with subcordate or taper- 

 ing base and acute apex. 



Leaf-blades lanceolate or elliptical, 10-15 mm. wide. 



Leaf -blades narrowly lanceolate or linear, 410 mm. wide. 



c. Corolla yellow. 



B. Flowers very fragrant: plants introduced. 

 II. Plants with leafy stems: flowers axillary. 



A. Style capitate, beakless: spur short: stipules nearly entire, soon 



scarious. 

 Petals yellow. 



Rootstock long, thick, whitish, bearing crisp, capillary 



roots. 

 Rootstock short, woody, brown, bearing coarse, fibrous 



roots. 



Petals tinged outside with violet. 

 Leaf-blades 3-lobed to 3-divided. 

 Leaf-blades uncut, ovate or rhombic-ovate. 

 Petals yellow outside. 



Sparingly pubescent, root-leaves usually 1-3. 

 Markedly pubescent, root-leaves usually wanting. 

 Petals white inside, usually violet outside. 



B. Style not capitate, slender: length of spur at least twice the 



width: stipules bristly toothed, somewhat herbaceous. 

 Spur less than 8 mm. long: lateral petals bearded. 

 Petals white, or cream-colored. 

 Petals violet blue. 



Stems ascending: later leaf -blades subacuminate. 

 Stems soon prostrate: leaf -blades obtuse, usually 



mottled. 

 Spur 10-12 mm. long, slender: lateral petals beardless. 



C. Style much enlarged upward into a globose hollow summit: 



stipules large, leaf -like, pectinate at base. 

 Upper leaf -blades entire, or obscurely crenulate: petals twice 



the length of sepals. 

 Upper leaf-blades plainly crenate: petals usually shorter than 



the sepals. 



17. V. fimbriaiula. 



18. V. villosa. 



19. V. sagittata. 



20. V. emarginata. 



21. V. septemloba. 



22. V. pedalifida. 



23. V. incognita. 



24. V. blanda. 



25. V. pallens. 



26. V. primulifolia. 



27. V. lanceolata. 



28. V. vitiata. 



29. V. rotundifolia. 



30. V. odorata. 



31. V. hastata. 



32. V. tripartite. 



V. tripartita glaberrima. 



33. V. eriocarpa. 



34. V. pubescens. 



35. V. Canadensis. 



36. V. striata. 



37. V. conspersa. 



38. V. Walteri. 



39. V. rostrata. 



40. V. Rafmesquii. 



41. V. arvensis. 



1. Viola pedata L. Plant nearly glabrous: rootstock short, erect: leaf -blades 

 3-divided, the lateral divisions pedately 3-5-parted or -cleft, the segments linear to 

 spatulate, often 2-4-toothed or -cleft near the apex; the leaf -blades of early spring 

 and of late autumn often smaller and less deeply dissected: corolla 2-3 cm. broad, 

 the upper petals dark violet, the three lower lilac-purple, all beardless: the orange 

 tips of the stamens large and conspicuous at the center of the flower; capsules green, 

 glabrous: seeds copper-colored: apetalous flowers wanting, but petaliferous frequent 

 in late summer and autumn. 



In dry fields and open woods, Massachusetts to Minnesota, Florida and Louisiana. 

 V. pedata lineariloba DC. with all the petals of the same lilac-purple color is the more 

 common form. 



2. Viola palmata L. Leaf -blades palmately 5-11-lobed or -parted, the seg- 

 ments variously toothed or cleft, the middle segment usually widest ; petioles, and veins 

 of the lower leaf -surf ace villous, the upper surface often glabrous: sepals ovate- 

 lanceolate, rather blunt: corolla violet -purple, 2-3 cm. broad: Cleistogamous flowers 

 on prostrate peduncles, their capsules ovoid, mottled with brown, 8-12 mm. long: 

 seeds brown. 



On wooded hills in dry rich soil, western Massachusetts to Minnesota and along the 

 Alleghenies and extending to Florida. 



3. Viola Egglestonii Brainerd. Plant glabrous, of spreading habit especially 

 in spring : leaf -blades truncate at base, often flabellately deeurrent, rarely subcordate ; 



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