VIOLACEAE 803 



mm. long, purple-dotted, enclosed for over half their length in lanceolate sepals: seeds 

 buff, 2 mm. long, about 50 in a capsule. 



In dry open woodland and on well drained borders of bayous, southern Mississippi 

 and Louisiana. 



9. Viola Missourie'nsis Greene. Glabrous: leaf -blades at vernal flowering nar- 

 rowly cordate-deltoid often acuminate, the later ones broader with rounded basal lobes 

 and pointed apex, rather coarsely crenate-serrate: sepals ovate-oblong to lanceolate, 

 narrowly white-margined, slightly ciliolate: corolla pale violet with a darker band 

 above the white center, the spurred petal glabrous: capsules from apetalous flowers 

 broadly ellipsoid, finely brown-dotted, 10-12 mm. long: seeds buff. 



In river bottoms and low woods, Missouri and Oklahoma, and southward. 



10. Viola Floridana Brainerd. Leaf -blades at time of petaliferous flowering on 

 spreading petioles, cordate, acute, finely crenate-serrate, often somewhat puberulent 

 above, 2-3 cm. wide, 3-4 cm. long; leaves with blades twice as long and wide appear- 

 ing soon after, on long erect petioles, glabrate, sometimes persisting through the 

 winter: flowers on peduncles much surpassing the leaves: corolla whitish or pale 

 violet, the odd petal glabrous; apetalous flowers concealed under soil or dead leaves, 

 narrowly ovoid acuminate; their ripe capsules reddish brown, about 16 mm. long, on 

 decumbent peduncles: sepals broadly lanceolate, about one-third the length of the 

 capsule: seeds 2 mm. long, salmon-colored or dark brown 1 , about 60 in a capsule. 



In moist rich woodland, northern and central Florida. 



11. Viola sororia Willd. Leaf -blades broadly cordate-ovate, villous-pubescent 

 especially on the under surface when young, and on the petioles, often 10 cm. wide 

 when mature: vernal flowers on peduncles about the length of the leaves: outer sepals 

 ovate-oblong, commonly obtuse, all finely ciliate below the middle and on the short 

 rounded auricles: corolla violet to lavender and occasionally white: cleistogamous 

 capsules usually mottled with brown: seeds dark brown, 2 mm. long. 



In moist meadows, on shady ledges and in dooryards, western New England to Minne- 

 sota, and southward to the coastal plain. 



12. Viola hirsutula Brainerd. Plants of small size: leaf -blades frequently 

 appressed to the ground, 2-5 cm. wide, cordate-ovate to reniform, obtuse, purplish and 

 glabrous beneath, silvery pubescent above, often purple-veined and mottled with 

 different shades of green: flowers on peduncles exceeding the leaves: corolla reddish 

 purple: apetalous flowers small, ovoid, on short prostrate peduncles, developing ovoid 

 capsules 6-8 mm. long, purplish, bearing each 20-30 light brown seeds. 



In copses in dry rich soil, southern New York to central Alabama and Georgia. 



13. Viola affinis LeConte. Plant nearly glabrous : leaf -blades that unfold at 

 vernal flowering narrowly cordate-ovate and commonly attenuate toward the apex, 

 becoming 4-6 cm. wide in summer, the margin noticeably crenate-serrate; petioles 

 slender: corolla violet with the white base conspicuous, the spurred petal more or less 

 villous: cleistogamous flowers small, ovoid, on rather long ascending peduncles: cap- 

 sules oblong, 5-8 mm. long, usually reddish brown, sometimes green, either glabrous 

 or clothed with minute dense pubescence: sepals half the length of the capsule, with 

 small appressed auricles: seeds normally buff. 



In moist meadows, low woods, and on shady borders of streams, western New England 

 to Wisconsin, Georgia and Alabama. 



14. Viola Langloisii Greene. Leaf -blades glabrous, cordate-ovate, attenuate, 

 crenate-serrate; those that mature after flowering relatively wider, cordate-deltoid, 

 about 6 cm. long: flowers on peduncles taller than the leaves: sepals lanceolate: 

 corolla violet, 2-3 cm. broad, the lateral petals bearded, the spurred petal mostly 

 glabrous: cleistogamous flowers on ascending peduncles, sagittate, their mature cap- 

 sules narrowly ellipsoid, pale yellow faintly dotted with purple, 10-12 mm. long, with 

 lanceolate acuminate sepals one half as long, the auricles glabrous, dentate, 2 mm. 

 long: seeds buff, 1.5 mm. long. 



On wet, shady borders of slow streams, Mississippi to Texas. V. Langloisii pedattlo'ba 

 Brainerd has the secondary leaves with 3-5 lobes, the middle lobe long and wide, the 

 basal dilated. With the type and intergrading. 



15. Viola chalcospe"rma Brainerd. Plant glabrous, heterophyllous : leaf -blades 

 at the beginning and at the close of the season's growth uncut, the former cordate 

 2-3 cm. long, the latter truncate at base broadly deltoid 4-5 cm. long; vernal leaf- 

 blades cordate, 3-lobed, the middle lobe ovate, acute, the lateral ones more or less 

 incised: flowers small, raised above the leaves on slender peduncles; corolla lilac- 

 purple, the lateral petals bearded, the odd petal sparsely villous, all finely purple- 

 veined: cleistogamous flowers sagittate, on ascending peduncles: ripe capsules pale 

 yellow tinged with purple at base, ellipsoid, about 11 mm. long; with sepals dark 



