804 VIOLACEAE 



purple, lanceolate, 5 mm. long, the auricles 3-4 mm. long, the three outer sepals with 

 one or more sharp teeth: seeds bronze-colored, 1.5 mm. long, about 50 in a capsule. 

 In wet soil in a wooded ravine, Jacksonville, Florida. 



16. Viola cucullata Ait. Plant glabrous : leaf -blades, except the earliest, cor- 

 date-ovate, acute or subacuminate, often 9 cm. wide when mature: peduncles com- 

 monly much exceeding the leaves: sepals narrowly lanceolate: corolla violet-blue, 

 darker colored at the throat, the lateral petals with strongly clavate beard, the 

 spurred petal glabrous, generally somewhat shorter than the lateral ones: cleistog- 

 amous flowers long and slender, on erect often elongated peduncles: capsules ovoid- 

 cylindric, green, 10-15 mm. long, but little exceeding the long-auricled sepals: seeds 

 nearly black, 1.5 mm. long. 



In wet places, Quebec and Ontario, southward in the Appalachian Mountains to 

 northern Georgia. 



17. Viola fimbriatula J. E. Smith. Eootstock becoming long and stout, usually 

 erect: earliest leaf -blades ovate, obtuse, the later ones ovate-oblong, acute, finely 

 pubescent, obscurely crenulate toward the apex, the basal lobes often sharply toothed, 

 incised or auriculate: scapes commonly exceeding the leaves: auricles of the sepals 

 somewhat spreading and ciliate: corolla violet-purple: capsules green, ovoid, 6-10 

 mm. long; seeds brown; cleistogamous flowers on erect peduncles. 



In dry fields and on hillsides, Nova Scotia to Wisconsin, southward in the Alleghenies. 



18. Viola villosa Walt. Kootstock simple, often long and jagged; foliage 

 spreading, minutely villous throughout : leaf -blades ovate, varying to oblong-ovate and 

 orbicular, obtuse, obscurely crenate, cordate with small narrow sinus, when mature 

 sometimes 6 cm. long and on petioles 12 cm. long: flowers early: sepals ciliolate, 

 oblong-ovate with rather short auricles: corolla violet, the three lower petals bearded, 

 the spur large globose: capsules green, ovoid-cylindric, 10 mm. long: seeds dark 

 brown, 1.8 mm. long. \V. Carolina Greene.] 



In dry soil, on roadsides and in open woodlands, coastal plain, North Carolina to 

 Florida ; also in western Arkansas, eastern Oklahoma and Texas. 



19. Viola sagittata Ait. Plant usually glabrous, except the often ciliate 

 leaves, or finely pubescent throughout: leaf -blades lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 

 becoming 4-8 cm. long, hastately or sagittately toothed or cleft at the base; the 

 earliest and those produced in late summer often deltoid-ovate, obtuse, merely crenate 

 at the base: sepals narrowly lanceolate, acute, glabrous: corolla violet-purple: cap- 

 sules 8-14 mm. long, containing 50-70 brown seeds. 



On moist banks and in wet meadows, Massachusetts to Minnesota, Georgia and 

 Louisiana. 



20. Viola emarginata (Nutt.) LeConte. Plant glabrous: mature leaf -blades 

 deltoid or broadly ovate, the base truncate or subcordate often decurrent, obscurely 

 crenate-serrate above the middle, coarsely toothed or incised below: corolla violet- 

 blue, the petals sometimes emarginate: cleistogamous capsules ellipsoid, 8-14 mm. 

 long: peduncles erect, somewhat shorter than the leaves: seeds brown. 



In dry woods and on hillsides, southern New York, to northern Georgia and westward 

 to Oklahoma. 



21. Viola septemloba LeConte. Plant glabrous with a vertical rootstock; 

 leaf -blades cordate-ovate; the first ones often, and sometimes all the leaves, uncut, the 

 others primarily 3-lobed, 3-cleft or 3-parted with widely open sinuses, the middle seg- 

 ment uncut, relatively long and broad, usually narrowed at the base; the lateral seg- 

 ments sometimes uncut, but generally pedately cleft into 2-4 narrow divergent parts 

 that become smaller towards the base of the leaf: flowers usually raised above the 

 foliage: sepals narrowly lanceolate, with entire rounded auricfes: corolla violet, the 

 three lower petals villous at the base: cleistogamous flowers erect: capsules green, 

 ovoid-cylindric, about 14 mm. long: seeds dark brown, 2 mm. long. 



In open pine lands in light soil, southeastern Virginia to Florida, and southern Missis- 

 sippi. The form with leaves only 3-lobed is V. vicin&lis Greene. 



22. Viola pedatifida G. Don. Eootstock short, vertical: leaf -blades palmately 

 multifid, primarily 3-parted or 3-divided, each segment again 3-cleft or 3-parted into 

 linear subdivisions, these often further cut into 2-4 lobes; leaves of late summer with 

 less deeply dissected blades, sometimes 8-10 cm. wide, usually cuneate at the base, 

 with prominent flabelliform veins, the lobes hirsutulous on the margins: scapes ex- 

 ceeding the leaves, bearing showy flowers with violet corolla: cleistogamous capsules 

 yellowish when ripe, 10-15 mm. long, on erect peduncles commonly shorter than the 

 petioles: seeds 2 mm. long, pale brown. 



On prairies, Ohio to Saskatchewan, Oklahoma and New Mexico. 



