VIOLACEAE 805 



23. Viola incognita Brainerd. Peduncles, petioles and lower surface of leaf- 

 blades pubescent with soft white hairs especially when young, the upper leaf -surface 

 glabrous; aestival leaves large, the blades rugose, broadly cordate-ovate with open 

 sinus, acute: petals white, the lateral bearded, the upper pair obovate: seeds nar- 

 rowly obovoid, obtuse at base, smooth, brown, 2 mm. long; plants flowering early, in 

 summer producing numerous filiform runners. 



On mountains and in low moist woodlands, Newfoundland to the Dakotas southward 

 in the mountains to eastern Tennessee. V. incognita Forbesii Brainerd is nearly or quite 

 glabrous, except for minute scattered hairs on the upper leaf-surface. 



24. Viola blanda Willd. Leaf -blades cordate-ovate with narrow sinus, com- 

 monly acute, often acuminate, glabrous except for minute scattered hairs on the 

 upper surface; petioles, and scapes, usually tinged with red: lateral petals beardless, 

 the upper pair often long, narrow, and strongly reflexed, sometimes twisted: cleistog- 

 amous capsules ovoid, dark purple: seeds dark brown, minutely rugose, acute at base, 

 1.5 mm. long: plants freely producing, in summer, slender leafy runners. [F. 

 LeConteana G. Don.] 



In cool ravines and on moist shady slopes in humus, western Quebec to Minnesota, 

 and southward in the mountains to northern Georgia. 



25. Viola pallens (Banks) Brainerd. Leaf -blades broadly cordate-ovate, ob- 

 tuse or rarely acute, glabrous on both sides; petioles and scapes often dotted with 

 red in summer and more or less hirsutulous: lateral petals usually bearing a small 

 tuft of hairs, the upper petals broadly obovate: seeds 1 mm. long, almost black. 

 [F. blanda of recent authors, not of Willd.] 



In springy soil and along cold brooks, Labrador to Alberta, and south to the mountains 

 of South Carolina and Tennessee. 



26. Viola primulifolia L. Plant often quite glabrous, but usually more or less 

 pubescent especially toward the base of the petioles: leaf -blades oblong or ovate, 

 the base slightly cordate, rounded or tapering, obscurely crenate-serrate ; petioles 

 often broadly winged above: flowers white: capsules green, their peduncles erect as 

 in F. lanceolata: seeds reddish brown, 1.5 mm. long. 



In moist open grounds, New Brunswick to Florida and Texas. V. primulifolia villdsa 

 A. Eaton, densely villous on petiole and lower leaf-surface, is the common form along the 

 Gulf Coast. 



27. Viola lanceolata L. Stolons leafy, often bearing apetalous flowers: leaves 

 and scapes glabrous, 5-8 cm. high at time of vernal flowering; later leaves with 

 lanceolate or elliptical blades, 10-15 mm. wide, 7-15 cm. long, obscurely crenulate, 

 gradually tapering into margined, often reddish, petioles: sepals broadly lanceolate, 

 acute: lateral petals usually beardless: cleistogamous capsules 6-12 mm. long, on 

 erect peduncles but usually shorter than the leaves; seeds dark brown. 



In open bogs and moist meadows, Nova Scotia to Minnesota and southward to the 

 coastal plain. 



28. Viola vittata Greene. First leaf -blades narrowly lanceolate, obtuse, suc- 

 ceeded after flowering by linear leaves 4-10 mm. wide, 15-30 cm. long, the blades 

 acute at the apex and gradually tapering at the base, mucronulately serrulate; 

 petioles, peduncles, and lower leaf -surf ace usually more or less villous: flowers and 

 capsules as in the preceding species: seeds obovoid, brown, 1.3 mm. long. [F. 

 denticulosa Pollard.] 



In open bogs and on marshy borders of ponds, along the coast from Georgia and 

 Florida to Texas. 



29. Viola rotundifolia Michx. Kootstock long and stout, jagged with the 

 persistent bases of former leaves: runners short, usually without roots or leaves, 

 bearing 1-4 cleistogamous flowers: leaf -blades oval or orbicular, cordate with short 

 and narrow sinus, repand-crenulate, at vernal flowering sparsely hirtellous, 2-3 cm. 

 wide, in midsummer mostly glabrate, 6-10 cm. wide, prostrate: corolla bright yellow, 

 the three lower petals with brown veins, the lateral ones bearded: style club-shaped, 

 abruptly capitate, beakless: capsules ovoid, 6-8 mm. long, closely dotted with purple: 

 seeds nearly white. 



In cold woods, Maine to western Ontario, and along the Alleghenies to northern 

 Georgia. 



30. Viola odorata L. Plants producing above ground lea'fy stolons rooting 

 freely at the nodes: leaf -blades broadly cordate-ovate, finely pubescent: flowers 

 violet or white, very fragrant: style hook-shaped: capsules from apetalous flowers 

 broadly ovoid, angled, pubescent, purple: seeds large, cream-colored. [F. Thompsonae 

 Chapm.] 



Often cultivated and occasionally established, as are some of its hybrids with other 

 European species. 



