806 VIOLACEAE 



31. Viola hastata Michx. Plant slightly puberulent: stem slender, 1-2.5 dm. 

 high, from a long white brittle horizontal rootstock: stem-leaves 2-4 near the sum- 

 mit; blades halberd-shaped with rounded basal lobes: radical leaves occasional; 

 blades oblong-lanceolate, more deeply cordate; all distantly serrulate: sepals linear- 

 lanceolate, acute : corolla yellow, the upper petals often tinged outside with violet : 

 capsules ovoid, glabrous, 8^10 mm. long: stipules ovate, small, often with a few 

 bristly teeth. 



In rich woods, Pennsylvania and Ohio, southward to Liberty County, Florida. 



32. Viola tripartita Ell. Rootstock short and woody, with long coarse fibrous 

 roots: stem erect, usually solitary, beginning to bear flowers when 1-2 dm. high, 

 bearing foliage above the middle; the first two or three leaves with petioles 2-8 cm. 

 long; blades commonly 3-lobed to 3-divided, the middle segment narrowly lanceolate 

 to ovate, usually constricted at the base, remotely serrate toward the apex, the lateral 

 segments falcate or lunate, coarsely toothed on the outer margin; upper leaves smal- 

 ler, ovate-lanceolate, mostly uncut; petioles and lower leaf -surf ace more or less 

 pubescent when young, at length nearly glabrate: peduncles slender, 2-9 cm. long, 

 axillary: sepals linear-lanceolate, ciliate: petals yellow, the upper usually tinged out- 

 side with violet, the three lower ones somewhat bearded: capsules trigonous-ovoid, 

 glabrous: seeds large, brown. 



In rich soil on wooded slopes, uplands of North Carolina and Tennessee, to Georgia 

 and Alabama. V. tripartita glaberrima (Ging.) Harper has stem-leaves with uncut, ovate 

 or rhombic-ovate, rarely subcordate blades ; often with the type and intergrading ; extend- 

 mg southward to Chattahoochee, Florida. [F. tenuipes Pollard.] 



33. Viola Qriocarpa Schwein. Plant glabrous except for minute pubescence 

 along veins on lower leaf -surf aces and on upper parts of petioles and stem: stems 

 ascending, commonly 2-4 from one rootstock: radical leaves 1-5; blades cordate- 

 reniform, on long petioles; cauline leaves only on upper half of stem; blades broadly 

 ovate, subcordate, acuminate, the uppermost smaller, truncate, nearly sessile; stipules 

 ovate to lanceolate, nearly entire, glabrous, tardily scarious: sepals narrowly lanceo- 

 late: lateral petals bearded: capsule ovoid, woolly or sometimes glabrous: cleistog- 

 amous flowers on short peduncles from axils of upper leaves: seeds brown, 2.5 mm. 

 long. \V. scabriuscula Schwein.] 



In low open woods, Nova Scotia to Manitoba, central Alabama and Oklahoma. 



34. Viola pube"scens Ait. Plant softly pubescent: stems 2-3 dm. high, often 

 solitary: leaves, either cauline, 2-4, near the summit, or occasionally a long-petioled 

 root-leaf is present; blades broadly ovate, cordate or truncate-decurrent at the base, 

 crenate-dentate, somewhat pointed; stipules large, ovate-oblong: sepals narrowly 

 lanceolate: lateral petals bearded: capsules ovoid, 10-12 mm. long, glabrous or some- 

 times woolly: seeds brown, 2.5 mm. long. 



In dry rich woods, Nova Scotia to the Dakotas, and southward especially in the 

 mountains ; reported from the highlands of North Carolina and Tennessee ; often confused 

 with V. tripartita glaberrima and with V. eriocarpa. 



35. Viola Canade'nsiB L. Stems usually 3-4 dm. high, minutely pubescent : 

 leaf -blades cordate-ovate, pointed, serrate ; stipules sharply lanceolate : sepals slender, 

 acuminate, spreading: lateral petals bearded, the spurred petal yellow at the base and 

 striped with fine dark lines: capsules subglobose, 6-10 mm. long, often downy or 

 puberulent: seeds brown. 



In woods, New Brunswick to Saskatchewan and southward in the Appalachian 

 Mountains to central Alabama. 



36. Viola striata Ait. Stems several, ascending, 15-30 cm. long when in flower, 

 in late summer often 6 dm. long, decumbent: leaves glabrous or nearly so; blades 

 cordate-ovate, 2-4 cm. broad, usually acuminate, finely crenate-serrate ; stipules large, 

 oblong-lanceolate: sepals ciliolate, narrow, attenuate: corolla white or cream-colored: 

 style beaked; capsules ovoid, glabrous, 4-6 mm. long: seeds light brown. 



In low and shady grounds, Connecticut to Minnesota, Georgia and Missouri. 



37. Viola conspfersa Reichenb. Rootstock oblique, often much branched : stems, 

 at time of vernal flowering, 8-16 cm. high: lower leaf -blades cordate-orbicular, 

 obtuse, the upper ones cordate-ovate, cremate, subacuminate, becoming 2-4 cm. wide: 

 flowers numerous, usually pale violet, sometimes white, raised above the leaves on 

 axillary peduncles 5-8 cm. long : cleistogamous flowers in summer on short peduncles 

 from the same axils that bore vernal flowers, or from axils of later leaves of the 

 lengthened stem: styles bent downward at the tip and slightly hairy: seeds light 

 brown. 



In low or shaded grounds, Quebec to Minnesota and southward, and in the higher 

 mountains to northern Georgia. , 



