VIOLACEAE 807 



38. Viola Walter! House. Plant finely puberulent : stems several, at first ascend- 

 ing, leafy, bearing in early spring small violet-blue flowers in the axils of basal leaves, 

 later elongating, becoming prostrate, arid bearing through the season apetalous 

 flowers on long slender axillary peduncles: stems often surviving the winter and send- 

 ing up in spring from their tips rosettes of leaves and petaliferous flowers, after- 

 wards rooting and forming new plants: leaf -blades glabrous, cordate, orbicular to 

 ovate, mostly obtuse, mottled with darker green bordering the veins, 2-4 cm. wide: 

 stipules bristly fimbriate, 6-10 mm. long: capsules purplish, ovoid-globose, 6 mm. 

 long: seeds brown. [F. multicaulis (T. & G.) Britton.] 



In dry woodlands, Kentucky to South Carolina, Florida and Texas. 



39. Viola rostrata Pursh. Stems often numerous, commonly 1-2 dm. high : 

 leaf-blades orbicular to broadly ovate, cordate, nearly or quite glabrous, serrate, the 

 upper acute or pointed : petaliferous flowers borne on long peduncles above the leaves : 

 petals spotted with darker violet, all beardless, the spur slender, 10-12 mm. long: 

 later cleistogamous flowers with minute or aborted petals and on short peduncles from 

 the axils of the upper leaves: style straight, beakless, glabrous: capsules ovoid, 3-5 

 mm. long, glabrous: seeds light brown. 



On shady hillsides in leaf-mold, western Quebec to Michigan, southward especially in 

 the mountains to Georgia. 



40. Viola Rafine~squii Greene. Plant glabrous annual with the slender stem 

 often branched from the base: leaf -blades small, the lowest 6-10 mm. wide, orbicular, 

 on slender petioles, the upper obovate to linear-oblanceolate, sparsely crenulate, 

 attenuate at the base; stipules pectinately cut, the upper segment elongated, nar- 

 rowly spatulate, mostly entire; internodes usually exceeding the leaves: flowers small, 

 but the obovate bluish-white to cream-colored petals nearly twice the length of the 

 lanceolate sepals: seeds light brown, 1.2 mm. long. 



In fields and open woods, New York to Michigan, Georgia and Texas. 



41. Viola arv6nsis Murr. 'Similar to the preceding but stouter, often 3-4 dm. 

 high, erect or branching and decumbent: leaf-blades ovate to lanceolate, noticeably 

 crenate; stipules more coarsely pectinate, the upper lobe usually much enlarged, 

 oblanceolate and sparsely crenate: petals usually shorter than the lanceolate acute 

 sepals, pale yellow, or sometimes the upper with violet tips, and the spurred petal 

 deep yellow at base: capsules globose: seeds brown, narrowly obovoid, 1.7 mm. long. 



In cultivated fields, Newfoundland and Ontario, south to Biltmore, North Carolina. 

 Naturalized from Europe. 



2. CUBELIUM Eaf. 1 



A herbaceous caulescent perennial, with nearly entire alternate leaves and small 

 greenish axillary flowers. Sepals 5, equal, not auriculate. Corolla irregular. Petals 

 erect, imbricated in the bud, the lowermost one largest and gibbous below. Stamens 

 5, syngenecious, forming a sheath bearing minute glands at the base. Style hooked 

 at the apex. Capsule 3-valved, obscurely 3-lobed. [Solea Ging.] 



1. Cubelium cdncolor (Forst.) Eaf. Plant pubescent, 3-9 dm. high: leaf- 

 blades oblong or elliptic, acute or acuminate at the apex, tapering at the base to a 

 short petiole: stipules linear: flowers 8 mm. long, on short recurved peduncles, 13 in 

 the axils: seeds large. 



In moist woods, Ontario to Michigan, Georgia and Kansas. Spring. 



3. CALCEOLARIA Loefl. 1 



Perennial herbs or rarely shrubs, with alternate or opposite leaves and small 

 axillary or racemose flowers. Sepals equal, not auriculate. Petals very unequal, the 

 two upper smallest, the lowermost largest, gibbous at base. Anthers connivent, the 

 filaments distinct, the two lower glandular at the base. Capsule elastically 3-valved. 



1. Calceolaria verticillata (Ortega.) Kuntze. Stems clustered, ascending or 

 erect, slightly pubescent, 1-4 dm. high: leaves alternate, often fascicled; blades 

 linear, 1.5-4 cm. long: stipules subulate or wanting: flowers solitary, white, nodding, 

 4-6 mm. long. 



In dry ground, Kansas to Colorado, Texas and Mexico. Spring and summer. 



i Contributed by Mr. Charles Louis Pollard. 



