954 ASCLEPIADACEAE 



cm. wide, 3-5-angled or winged, fleshy when young, dry and spongy when mature : seeds 

 8-9 mm. long, thin, minutely warty, crenate along the apex : coma 4-5 cm. long. 



In thickets and on river banks, Virginia to Florida and Louisiana, mainly near the coast. Spring 

 and summer. 



4. Vincetoxicum gonocdrpos Walt. Stems high-climbing, rather slender, minutely 

 puberulent and thinly hirsute, sometimes the upper portion glabrate : leaf-blades 7-18 cui. 

 long, broadly ovate or sometimes ovate-oblong, cordate at the base, Avith the sinus broad, 

 in the case of larger leaves, the basal lobes approximated and often overlapping, abruptly 

 acuminate at the apex, usually thin, becoming sometimes thicker and coriaceous when old, 

 glabrous above or nearly so, granular-puberulent beneath, the margins sometimes a little 

 wavy : midrib with 2-several glands at the base above :. cymes mainly few-flowered : pe- 

 duncles fleshy, glabrous or nearly so : pedicels 1-2 cm. long, glabrous or nearly so : calyx- 

 lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous, minutely ciliolate near the apex : corolla elongated- 

 conical in bud, dull-greenish ; lobes narrowly lanceolate-linear, 9-12 mm. long, not twisted, 

 glabrous, rather thick and fleshy : crown a low 10-undulate fleshy ring : stigma depressed, 

 not 5-rayed : anthers with a scarious-membrane that overlaps the edge of the stigma :'pol- 

 linia pear-shaped, the broad flat caudicles twisted : follicles 3-5-costate or angled, 8-10 cm. 

 long, glabrous, fleshy when mature, dry and spongy when old : seeds 8-9 mm. long, 

 minutely granular-puberulent, the rugose margin irregularly crenate along the apex : coma 

 3.5-4 cm. long. \_Gonolobus macrophyllus Michx.] 



Along rivers and in moist thickets, Kentucky to Missouri, Georgia and Texas. Spring and summer. 

 ANGLE-POD. 



5. Vincetoxicum Shortii (A. Gray) Britton. Stems high-climbing, puberulent and 

 thinly hirsute with rather stiff spreading hairs : leaf-blades 5-14 cm. long or more, broadly 

 ovate, short-acuminate at the apex, deeply cordate at the base, the lobes rounded, com- 

 monly with a narrow and closed sinus, rather thin, minute soft-hirsute above, more densely 

 so and with longer spreading hairs on the midrib beneath ; the latter with a few glands at 

 the base above : cymes several-flowered : peduncles minutely puberulent and sparingly 

 hirsute : pedicels 1-2.5 cm. long, fleshy and puberulent : calyx-lobes with a gland in 

 each sinus, lanceolate, 3 mm. long, puberulent : corolla dark greenish purple, oblong- 

 conic in bud, 10-15 mm. long ; lobes linear-ligulate, glabrous within, puberulent on the 

 outer surface : crown with a 10-dentate margin, the narrow intermediate teeth truncate, 

 retuse or obscurely bifid, thinnish, a little higher than the alternate broader ones which are 

 thicker and obscurely crested within ; crest a narrow ridge or fold that is barely free 

 within : stigma barely 5-angled : pollinia oblong : caudicles long and narrow : follicles 

 8-10 cm. long, rather slender, muricate with soft, obtuse protuberances, puberulent : seeds 

 8 mm. long, broadly obovate, glabrous, the thin margin barely wrinkled : coma 3 cm. 

 long. Flowers said to have the odor of the fragrant flowers of species of Butnera. 



In dry woods, Pennsylvania to Kentucky and Georgia. Summer. 



6. Vincetoxicum obliquum (Jacq. ) Britton. Stems high -climbing, puberulent and 

 hirsute, often densely so at the base, rather slender above : leaf-blades 7-20 cm. long, 6-16 

 cm. wide, broadly ovate, some of the larger ones orbicular-ovate, gradually or abruptly 

 acuminate at the apex, deeply cordate at the base, with narrowly mostly closed sinus and in 

 the larger leaves the broad rounded lobes conspicuously overlapping (sometimes leaves are 

 found that are distinctly oblique at the base), minutely pubescent above, pubescent beneath 

 and thinly hirsute on the veins : glands at the base of the midvein above, 1-several or 

 obsolete : umbel many-flowered, commonly cymosely compound, except on the upper por- 

 tion of the stem where they are simple and few-flowered : peduncles 3-8 cm. long, puberu- 

 lent and hirsute : calyx-lobes lanceolate-subulate, puberulent and ciliolate, obscurely 

 glandular in each sinus : corolla oblong-conic in bud ; lobes 10-14 mm. long, linear-ligu- 

 late, dark crimson-purple and glabrous within, dull greenish and puberulent on the outside r 

 crown 10-crennlate, the alternate thinner divisions truncate, entire or bifid, the others much 

 shorter, broadly rounded, thickened at the apparently double summit, the inner appendage 

 tooth-like and simulating an internal crest : stigma depressed, 5-rayed : pollinia broadly 

 oblong : follicles 7-8 cm. long, slender, tapering to the acute apex, muricate with soft 

 spinous processes, minutely puberulent : seeds 7 mm. long : coma 2-2.5 cm. long. 



In thickets, Pennsylvania to Ohio, Virginia and Tennessee. Summer. 



7. Vincetoxicum Carolinense (Jacq. ) Britton. Stems and petioles minutely puberu- 

 lent as well as thinly hirsute with spreading hairs : leaf-blades obovate, acute or short- 

 acuminate at the apex, deeply cordate at the base, with a narrow or closed sinus, 6-18 cm. 

 long, 5-15 cm. wide, closely and softly pubescent on both surfaces : peduncles pubescent : 

 pedicels 1-3 cm. long : corolla brown-purple, oblong-conic in the bud, puberulent without ; 

 lobes linear-oblong, or linear-lanceolate, mostly obtuse, 12-15 mm. long: crown cup-shaped, 

 10-parted, the alternate divisions bifid, the others shorter, rounded, mostly irregularly crested 



