1056 KHINANTHACEAE 



4. LINARIA L. 



Annual biennial or perennial herbs, or shrubby plants, with upright sterns. Leaves 

 alternate or opposite, or whorled on shoots : blades flat, often narrow, entire, toothed or 

 lobed. Flowers in terminal spikes, racemes or panicles. Sepals 5, partially united. Cor- 

 olla white, or of various colors, or variegated, irregular, 2-lipped : tube spurred at the 

 base, the throat partially closed by a palet. Stamens 4, included. Styles united. Ovules 

 numerous. Capsule short, opening by 1-few usually 3-toothed pores below the apex. 

 Seeds angled or wrinkled, sometimes winged. TOAD-FLAX. 



Corolla blue : native species. 



Leaves with terete blades : pedicels longer than the corollas. 1. L. Floridana. 

 Leaves with flat blades : pedicels shorter than the corollas or spur. 



Corolla less than 8 mm. long excluding the spur. 2. L. Canadenais* 



Corolla over 10 mm. long excluding the spur. 3. L. Tea-ana. 



Corolla yellow : naturalized species. 4. L. Linaria. 



1. Linaria Floridana Chapm. Annual or biennial, sparingly glandular-pubescent. 

 Stems 1-4 dm. tall, simple or paniculately branched above : leaves of 2 kinds, those on 

 the basal branches with oblong or obovate blades 2-5 mm. long, those on the stem fleshy, 

 terete, linear or club-shaped, less than 25 mm. in length : racemes loosely flowered : pedi- 

 cels 3-13 mm. long: calyx-lobes glandular, 1-1.5 mm. long, linear to linear-lanceolate: 

 corolla blue, 4-5 mm. long ; tube surpassing the calyx ; spur subulate, slightly projecting 

 below the calyx : capsules subglobose, about 2 mm. long, surpassing the calyx-lobes. 



In sand, Florida and Alabama. Spring and summer. 



2. Linaria Canadensis (L. ) Dumort. Annual or biennial, glabrous or nearly so. 

 Stems 1-6 dm. tall, sometimes branched at the base : leaf -blades narrowly linear, * flat, 

 acute, 1-2.5 cm. long: racemes usually many-flowered, 4-15 cm. long: pedicels 2.5mm. 

 long : calyx-lobes sometimes sparingly glandular, linear-oblong or lanceolate : corolla 

 light blue, 5-7 mm. long (excluding the spur), the lobes barely retuse, the spur 4-5 mm. 

 long : capsule subglobose or oval-globose, 2.5 mm. long, about as long as the calyx-lobes. 



In sandy soil, Nova Scotia, south to Florida. Spring to fall. 



3. Linaria Texana Scheele. Similar to L. Canadensis, but more robust, often turning 

 black in drying. Stems 2-8 dm. tall : leaf-blades thick but flat, linear-spatulate to linear, 

 1-2.5 cm. long, acute or rather blunt : racemes few-flowered, 5-30 cm. long : calyx-lobes 

 glabrous, linear-lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, acute : corolla blue, at least 1 cm. long 

 (excluding the spur), the lobes retuse, the spur about 1 cm. long : capsules oblong to 

 oval, 3-3.5 mm. long. 



In sandy soil, Indian Territory to Florida, Texas, Oregon and California. Spring and summer. 



4. Linaria Linaria (L. ) Karst. Perennial, glabrous or minutely pubescent above, 

 glaucous. Stems 1-10 dm. tall, commonly branched at the base : leaves numerous ; blades 

 linear or nearly so, 2-7 cm. long, acute, entire : racemes showy, 3-40 cm. long : pedicels 

 erect or ascending, 2-5 mm. long : calyx-lobes glabrous, ovate, 3-4 mm. long, acute or 

 acuminate : corolla yellow, 2.5-3 cm. long ; spur nearly as long as the lower lip : capsules 

 oblong-ovoid, 9-12 mm. long: seeds 2 mm. broad, winged. \_L. vulgaris (L. ) Mill.] 



In fields and waste places. Nova Scotia to Manitoba, south to Georgia and Nebraska. Naturalized 

 from Europe. Spring to fall. BUTTER-AND-EGGS. 



5. ANTIRRHINUM L. 



Annual or perennial caulescent herbs, sometimes glandular or pubescent. Leaves 

 alternate, or opposite on young parts : blades flat, entire. Flowers solitary in the upper 

 axils, or in terminal racemes or panicles. Sepals partially united. Corolla white or 

 colored, or variegated, irregular, 2-lipped : tube more or less saccate at the base, the throat 

 closed by a palate. Stamens 4, included : filaments sometimes dilated above. Styles united. 

 Ovules numerous. Capsule short, opening by 2 or 3 pores below the apex. Seeds wingless, 

 smooth or wrinkled. 



1. Antirrhinum antirrhiniflorum (Poir. ) Small. Stems low or high-climbing. Leaf- 

 blades hastate, varying from triangular to ovate in outline, 1-4 cm. long, usually cordate, 

 one or both basal lobes sometimes with a tooth ; petioles and pedicels tendril-like, often 

 nearly equal in length : calyx-lobes linear or linear-lanceolate, 1-1.5 cm. long : corolla 

 purple or white, 1.5-2.5 cm. long : capsules subglobose, 5-8 mm. in diameter : seeds with 

 irregular corky ridges. [JL maurandioides A. Gray.] 



In dry or rocky soil, Texas to Arizona and Mexico. Spring to fall. SNAPDRAGON. 



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