1068 RH1NANTHACEAE 



sessile : sepals linear to linear-subulate, bristly : corolla about 5 mm. long, tubular : cap- 

 sules conic, 4-5 mm. long. [Gratiola pilosa Michx.] 



In low sandy grounds, New Jersey to Florida and Texas. Spring to fall. 



21. ILYSANTHES Raf. 



Annual or biennial caulescent herbs, with glabrous foliage. Leaves opposite : blades 

 entire or shallowly toothed, mostly sessile. Bracts mostly similar to the leaves. Flowers 

 solitary in the axils, slender-pedicelled. Sepals 5, united at the base. Corolla whitish or 

 purplish, 2-lipped, the upper lip 2-lobed, erect, the lower lip spreading. Stamens 2 : 

 anther-sacs divergent. Staminodia 2, 2-lobed, the one lobe capitate and glandular, the 

 other smaller, glabrous. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule narrowly ovoid to oblong, septicidally 

 dehiscent. Seeds wrinkled. FALSE PIMPERNEL. 



Stems creeping : leaf-blades orbicular or ovate-orbicular, rounded at the base and closely sessile. 



1. I. grandiflora. 

 Stems erect or ascending : leaf-blades more or less elongated, the lower ones narrowed 



at the base. 



Pedicels shorter than the subtending bracts : sepals as long as the capsule or longer. 2. I. attenuata. 

 Pedicels longer than the subtending bracts : sepals shorter than the capsule. 

 Leaves or bracts slightly reduced above : pedicels erect or ascending. 



Upper leaves with partially clasping blades : capsules much longer than the 



sepals. 3. /. gratioloidet. 



Upper leaves with merely sessile blades : capsules slightly longer than the 



sepals. 4. I. saxicola. 



Leaves or bracts reduced to scales above : pedicels reflexed. 5. I. refracta. 



1. Ilysanthes grandiflora (Nutt. ) Benth. Stems slender, creeping, 2-20 cm. long, 

 leafy throughout, rarely branched. Leaf -blades suborbicular or ovate-orbicular, 0.5-1 cm. 

 long, leathery, entire, rounded and partially clasping at the base : pedicels filiform, 2-4 

 cm. long, several times longer than the bracts : sepals linear-lanceolate, about 3 mm. long, 

 acute : corolla blue, about 10 mm. long, the upper lip much shorter than the lower : cap- 

 sules narrowly oblong or oblong-ovoid, 4.5-5 mm. long, acute or acuminate, much longer 

 than the calyx. 



In low or wet grounds, eastern Georgia and Florida. Spring to fall. 



2. Ilysanthes attenuata (Muhl. ) Small. Stems relatively stout, 1-5 dm. tall, often 

 much branched. Leaf -blades oblong to ovate, or oblanceolate to obovate below, 1-3 cm. 

 long, thin-fleshy, obtuse, distantly and shallowly serrate, 5-nerved, the lower ones at least 

 narrower at the base : pedicels stout, shorter than the subtending bracts : sepals linear- 

 subulate, 4-5 mm. long : corolla 8-10 mm. long : capsules narrowly ovoid, usually surpassed 

 by the calyx. 



In wet places, Ontario to Wisconsin and Missouri, south to Florida and Texas. Spring to fall. 



3. Ilysanthes gratioloides (L. ) Benth. Stems wiry, 1-2 dm. long, nearly simple or 

 considerably branched, the lower branches sometimes decumbent. Leaf-blades leathery- 

 fleshy, obovate to oblong below, to ovate above, 0.6-2 cm. long, entire or nearly so, the 

 lower ones gradually and the upper ones more abruptly narrowed at the base, sessile and 

 partly clasping : pedicels filiform, surpassing the subtending bracts : sepals linear, 3-4 

 mm. long : corolla 5-7 mm. long : capsules ovoid or oblong-ovoid, 4-5 mm. long, surpass- 

 ing the calyx. 



In damp or wet soil, New England to Nebraska, south to Florida and Texas. Summer and fall. 



4. Ilysanthes saxicola (M. A. Curtis) Chapm. Stems slender, more or less tufted, 

 2-20 cm. tall, often dwarf, simple or sparingly branched. Leaf-blades fleshy-leathery, 

 0.5-1. 5 cm. long, the basal and those on the lower part of the stem spatulate or oblong, 

 the upper ones ovate, lanceolate, or narrowly elliptic, acutish, nearly sessile : pedicels 

 wiry, 3-4 times longer than the subtending bracts : sepals linear-lanceolate, about 2 mm. 

 long : corolla pale blue and variegated, about 10 mm. long : capsule ovoid, 3 mm. long, 

 surpassing the calyx. 



On damp rocks, Tallulah Falls, Georgia and on the Hiawassee River, North Carolina. Summer. 



5. Ilysanthes refracta (Ell. ) Benth. Stems wiry, usually several together or densely 

 tufted, 0.8-3 dm. tall, nearly naked, sometimes diffuse at maturity. Leaves mainly basal ; 

 blades spatulate to obovate, 1-3 cm. long, entire or undulate, those of the stem reduced to 

 scales : pedicels filiform, 2-4 mm. long, at length reflexed : sepals almost linear, 2-3 mm. 

 long : corolla 10-13 mm. long : capsules narrowly oblong, about 4 mm. long, about twice 

 as long as the calyx. 



On wet rocks and in damp pine lands, North Carolina to Mississippi and Florida. Spring to fall. 



