ACANTHACEAE 1083 



included. Anther-sacs awned or mucronate at the base. Ovary 2-celled. Ovules 2 in 

 each cavity. Capsule oblong or broadened upward. Seeds flat, suborbicular. 



Calyx-lobes united to below the middle : Texano-Arizonian species. 1. C. linearit. 



Calyx-lobes distinct or nearly so : eastern species. 



Calyx-lobes nearly as long as the corolla ; corollas and the bractlets about equal 



in length. 2. C. humittrata. 



Calyx-lobes less than % as long as the corolla ; which is fully twice as long as the 



bractlets. 



Corolla 1 cm. long or shorter : leaf-blades of a linear type. 3. C. angutta. 



Corolla fully 2 cm. long : leaf-blades mainly of an oblong type. 4. C. dblongifolia. 



1. Calophanes linearis (T. & G. ) A. Gray. Foliage hirsute or glabrous. Stems 

 commonly tufted, 1-3 dm. tall, simple and strict, or diffusely branched : leaves numerous ; 

 blades spatulate below to linear above, 2-4 cm. long, obtuse to acute, often undulate, nar- 

 rowed at the base : calyx slightly bristly ; lobes linear-subulate, 8-10 mm. long, at least 

 twice as long as the tube: corolla inconspicuously pubescent, 2 cm. long; tube (proper) 

 barely as long as the dilated throat ; limb 15-20 mm. broad ; lobes slightly broadened up- 

 ward, about as long as the throat, rounded or retuse at the apex : capsules 10-12 mm. long, 

 acute, much shorter than the calyx-lobes. 



In dry soil, Texas to New Mexico and adjacent Mexico. Spring and summer. 



2. Calophanes humistrata (Michx. ) Nees. Foliage glabrous to puberulent. Stems 

 erect or decumbent, 1-4 dm. long, weak, often sparingly branched, slightly zigzag : leaves 

 few ; blades elliptic-oblong or oblong-ovate, obtuse or acute, undulate, attenuate to the 

 base : petioles shorter than the blades : calyx puberulent ; lobes subulate-setaceous from a 

 lanceolate base, 6-8 mm. long : corolla white, about 1 cm. long ; tube much shorter than 

 the dilated throat ; limb about 1 mm. broad ; lobes truncate or retuse : capsules slender, 

 8-10 mm. long, surpassed by the calyx-lobes. 



In low sandy pine lands or river swamps, Georgia to Florida. Spring. 



3. Calophanes angiista A. Gray. Foliage puberulent. Stems erect, 1-2 dm. tall, 

 usually much branched : leaves numerous ; blades linear or linear-oblong, or spatulate 

 below, 1-2.5 cm. long, acute or acutish, obscurely nerved, sessile or nearly so : calyx mi- 

 nutely pubescent ; lobes linear-subulate, 9-11 mm. long, slender-tipped : corolla retrorsely 

 pubescent, barely 1 cm. long, finely pubescent without ; tube slender ; limb about 1 cm. 

 broad ; lobes broadly cuneate, truncate, eroded at the apex : capsules club-shaped, 7-8 mm. 

 long, acute, rather longer than the calyx-lobes. 



In sand, southern Florida. Throughout the year. 



4. Calophanes oblongif olia (Michx. ) D. Don. Foliage minutely but rather densely 

 pubescent. Stems more or less branched, 1-3 dm. tall ; leaf-blades oblong or the lower 

 ones obovate or cuneate, 1-3 cm. long, obtuse, often undulate, sessile or the lower 

 kort-petioled : calyx hirsute ; lobes subulate, 12-15 mm. long, very slender-tipped : 

 iftrolla inconspicuously pubescent, blue often mottled with purple ; tube (proper) shorter 

 than the broadly funnelform throat ; limb about 1.5 cm. broad ; lobes nearly as long as 

 the throat, truncate or retuse : capsules oblong-clavate, 10-13 mm. long, acute. 



In sandy soil or pine lands, Virginia to Florida. Spring to fall. 



4. RUELLIA L. 



Perennial herbs or shrubs, with erect or diffuse stems. Leaves opposite : blades entire 

 or toothed, often petioled. Flowers perfect, solitary or clustered in the axils or in 

 terminal cymes or panicles. Calyx narrow : lobes linear-filiform to lanceolate. Corolla 

 funnelform or salverform : tube narrow, dilated into a more or less ample throat : lobes 5, 

 somewhat unequal, spreading, convolute. Stamens 4, included or exserted : anther-sacs 

 not mucronate. Ovary 2-celled. Styles recurved at the apex. Ovules 3-10 in each 

 cavity. Capsule oblong or clavate, terete or flattened. Seeds flattened. 



Flowers or flower-clusters peduncled. 



Bracts small and narrow. 1. R. tuberosa. 



Bracts foliaceous. 2. R. pedunculata. 



Flowers or flower-clusters sessile or essentially so. 



A. Calyx-lobes linear-filiform or with filiform tips, longer than the capsule. 



Corolla 7-10 cm. long. 3. E. noctiflora. 



Corolla 4-6 cm. long. 



Plants less than 1 dm. tall. 4. R. humilis. 



Plants over 2 dm. tall. 



Leaf-blades sessile or essentially so. 5. It. ciliosa. 



Leaf-blades manifestly petioled. 



Plants green : leaf-blades not conspicuously nerved beneath. 6. R. parviflora. 



Plants grayish pubescent: leaf-blades conspicuously nerved beneath. 



