KUBIACEAE 



1105 



many stamens as corolla-lobes or twice as many, or rarely fewer. Anthers sep- 

 arate. Gynoecium of several united carpels. Ovary 1-10-celled. Styles united. 

 Ovules 1-many in each cavity of the ovary. Fruit a capsule, a berry or a drupe. 



Leaves with stipules adnate to the steins between the leaf-bases. 

 Leaves without stipules, or if present these adnate to the petiole. 



Fam. 1. RUBIACEAE. 

 Fam. 2. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. 



FAMILY 1. RUBIACEAE B. Juss. MADDER FAMILY. 



Herbs, shrubs or trees of great economic importance, with terete, or often 

 4-angled branches and swollen nodes. Leaves opposite or whorled : stipules 

 usually interpetiolar : blades simple. Inflorescence cymose, often paniculate or 

 capitate. Flowers perfect or polygamous, regular or nearly so, almost symmet- 

 rical. Hypanthium various, adnate to the ovary. Calyx a truncate limb or 

 of several deciduous or persistent sepals. Corolla regular, inserted near the 

 top of the hypanthium, 6f 3-6, or rarely 10, more or less united petals. Androe- 

 cium of as many stamens as there are lo^es of the corolla and alternate with 

 them, adnate to the tube, often to near the throat. Filaments sometimes 

 elongated, distinct or united. Anthers introse, erect or incumbent. Gynoecium 

 a single compound pistil. Ovary more or less adnate to the hypanthium, 2-5- 

 celled. Styles united. Stigmas 2-many. Ovules sometimes solitary and erect, 

 sometimes numerous, anatropous or amphitropous, ascending, horizontal or 

 pendulous. Fruit a capsule, drupe or berry. Seeds often flattened on one side, 

 with a smooth or rough testa. Endosperm fleshy, cartilaginous or horny, or 

 sometimes nearly wanting. Embryo straight or curved either in the axis of the 

 endosperm or near the back. 



Cavities of the ovary with several or many ovules : seeds several or many. 

 Fruit dry. 



Seeds wingless. 



Ovules very numerous : shrubs or trees. 1. PINCKNEYA. 



Ovules several : herbs, sometimes woody at the base. 

 Sepals and corolla-lobes 4. 



Top of the capsule not extending beyond the hypanthium. 2. OLDENLANDIA. 



Top of the capsule extending beyond the hypanthium. 3. HOUSTONIA. 



Sepals and corolla-lobes 5. 4. PENTODON. 



Seeds winged. 5. EXOSTEMA. 



Fruit pulpy. 

 Fruit 2-celled. 



Flowers in cymes. 6. GENIPA. 



Flowers solitary. 



Corolla-lobes 5, convolute. 7. RANDIA. 



Corolla-lobes 4, valvate. 8. CATESBAEA. 



Fruits-celled. 9. HAMELIA. 



Cavities of the ovary with a single ovule each : seed solitary. 



Flowers in dense heads. 10. CEPHALANTHUS. 



Flowers solitary or In an open inflorescence. 

 Ovule pendulous. 



Filaments wholly or partly adnate to the corolla-tube. 11. GUETTARDIA. 



Filaments not adnate to the corolla-tube. 



Inflorescence terminal. 12. ERITHALIS. 



Inflorescence axillary. 13. CHIOCOCCA. 



Ovule not pendulous. 



Corolla-lobes imbricated. 14. STRUMPFIA. 



Corolla-lobes valvate. 



Ovule or seed with a basal attachment. 



Flowers not paired, the ovaries distinct. 15. PSYCHOTRIA. 



Flowers paired, the ovaries united. 16. MITCHELLA. 



Ovule or seed with a lateral attachment. 



Shrubs or trees. 17. MORINDA. 



Herbs. 



Stipules relatively small or inconspicuous, more or less cleft. 



Ovary 3- or4-celled. 18. RICHARDIA. 



Ovary 2-celled. 



Fruit drupaceous, the carpels neither dehiscent nor 'sep- 

 arating. 19. ERNODEA. 

 Fruit not drupaceous, the carpels dehiscent or separating. 

 Mature carpels merely separating from each other. 



Carpel-walls very thin at maturity, the seed not free. 20. CRJJSEA. 

 Carpel-walls firm at maturity, the seed free. 21. DIODIA. 



Mature carpels dehiscent. 



Fruit septicidal, and both carpels ventrally dehiscent. 22. BORRERIA. 

 Fruit separating into carpels, one of which opens 

 through the ventral face, the other remaining 



Closed. 23. SPERMACO3E 



Stipules foliaceous, usually resembling the leaves. 24. GALIUM. 



70 



