VALERIANACEAE 1127 



1. Diervilla Diervilla (L.) MacM. A low often diffuse shrub 0.5-1.5 m. tall, 

 with glabrous or nearly glabrous foliage, the bark scaly. Leaf -blades oval, or oblong-ovate, 

 3-15 cm. long, acuminate, serrate, ciliate, usually abruptly narrowed or cordate at the 

 base ; petioles 4-10 mm. long : peduncles shorter than the petioles, 1-5-flowered : corolla 

 yellow or greenish ; tube 7-9 mm. long ; lobes nearly equal, 3 sometimes partially united : 

 capsules narrowly oblong, acute-beaked, 7-8.5 mm. long, glabrous. [D. trifida Moench.] 



In dry or rocky woods, Newfoundland to the Northwest Territory and in or near the mountains to 

 Georgia and Michigan. Spring. BUSH HONEYSUCKLE. 



2. Diervilla sessiliiolia Buckl. A loosely branching shrub 0.5-1.5 m. tall, with 4- 

 angled branches pubescent in lines. Leaf-blades lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate or sometimes 

 ovate, 5-15 cm. long, acuminate, sharply serrate, abruptly narrowed at the base or cordate, 

 glabrous or essentially so, sessile : peduncles mostly over 5 mm. long : cymes several-now- 

 ered : sepals lanceolate or subulate-lanceolate : corolla sulphur-yellow or somewhat green- 

 ish, about 1 cm. long : lobes shorter than the tube, one slightly pubescent within : capsules 

 oblong, 9-12 mm. long. 



In rocky mountain woods or ravines, North Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia and Alabama. Spring 

 and early summer. 



3. Diervilla rivularia Gattinger. A branching shrub 0.5-2 m. tall, with copiously 

 pubescent twigs and inflorescence. Leaf-blades ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 3-8 cm. long, 

 acuminate, unevenly and doubly serrate, pubescent on both sides, pale beneath, truncate or 

 cordate at the base^ manifestly but short-petioled : cymes few-many-flowered : sepals lan- 

 ceolate-subulate : corolla lemon-yellow, about 1 cm. long : capsules oblong-ovoid, 5-6 mm. 

 long, sparingly pilose. 



On damp banks, mountains of North Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia and Alabama. Summer. 



Order 11. VALERIAN ALES. 



Caulescent herbs, succulent or with firm tissues and coarse. Leaves oppo-' 

 site, sometimes whorled : blades entire, toothed or divided, sometimes connate- 1 

 perfoliate, without stipules. Flowers mainly perfect, in open or congested 

 cymes or dense involucrate heads. Calyx of several bristles, or a mere cup or 

 obsolete. Corolla of 2 or 5 partially united petals. Androecium usually of 

 fewer stamens than there are corolla-lobes. Anthers separate. Gynoecium 1-3- 

 carpellary. Ovary inferior, 1-3-celled, 2 of the cavities commonly imperfect. 

 Ovules solitary, pendulous. Fruit an achene, or nut-like. 



Gynoecium 3-carpellary, two of the cavities empty : flowers not in involucrate heads. 



Fam. 1. VALERIANACEAE. 

 Gynoecium 1-carpellary : flowers in dense involucrate heads. Fam. 2. MORINACEAE. 



FAMILY 1. VALERIANACEAE Batsch. VALERIAN FAMILY. 



Annual or perennial herbs, with a watery sap, commonly heavy-scented 

 roots and a bitter or acid taste. Stems often dichotomously branched. Leaves 

 opposite (those near the base often clustered): blades entire or pinnately divided, 

 often somewhat clasping at the base. Inflorescence cymose, paniculate or 

 congested. Flowers perfect, monoecious or dioecious. Calyx of 3-5 sepals, 

 sometimes pappus-like or obsolete. Corolla gamopetalous, tubular, funnel- 

 form, or sometimes salverform : tube sometimes produced into a sac near 

 the base : limb with 3-5 imbricated lobes. Androecium of 1-4 stamens, adnate 

 to the corolla-tube, fewer in number than the lobes. Filaments distinct or 

 united. Anthers introrse, incumbent, separate. Gynoecium 3-carpellary. Ovary 

 inferior, 3-celled, but only one cavity perfect, the other 2 abortive. Styles ter- 

 minal, united. Stigmas sometimes united. Ovule pendulous, solitary in the 

 perfect cavity of the ovary, anatropous. Fruit a kind of leathery or crusta- 

 ceous nutlet, naked, or crowned with the calyx. Seed pendulous, with a mem- 

 branous testa. Endosperm wanting or sometimes present. Embryo straight, 

 with thickish cotyledons. 



Sepals becoming bristle-like or awn-like : fruit 1-celled : tall herbs often with divided leaf-blades. 



1. VALERIANA. 

 Sepals minute or wanting : fruit 3-celled : low herbs with undivided leaf-blades. 



Corolla funnelform ; tube not longer than the nearly regular limb. 2. VALERIANKLLA. 



Corolla salverform ; tube 2-1 times as long as the irregularly 2-lipped limb. 3. SIPHONELLA. 



