VALER1ANACEAE 1 1 29 



portion fully as broad as the sterile portion, about 1 mm. long, white-hirsute, all the angles 

 obtuse or rounded. 



In low grounds, Texas. Spring and summer. 



3. Valerianella radiata Dufr. Stems erect, 2-7 dm. tall or rarely very low, simple 

 or branched above or throughout : leaves 2-10 cm. long ; basal and lower stem-leaves with 

 spatulate obovate or somewhat fiddle-shaped entire blades ; upper stem-leaves with oblong 

 or oblanceolate blades, or the uppermost ovate, all obtuse, shallowly toothed, especially 

 near the base or entire : corolla white, funnelform : fruit 4-angled, obovoid-tetragonal with 

 a broad and shallow groove between the sterile portions. 



In meadows and low grounds, New York to Michigan, Florida and Texas. Spring and sum- 

 mer. 



4. Valerianella stenocarpa Krok. Stems slender, erect, 1-3 dm. tall, branched 

 above, or sometimes simple : leaves 1-8 cm. long ; basal with spatulate blades ; lower stem- 

 leaves oblanceolate, entire ; upper leaves with oblong or oblong-ovate more or less distinctly 

 toothed blades, all obtuse : peduncles nearly filiform : corolla white, funnelform : fruit 4- 

 angled, oblong-tetragonal, with a very narrow groove between the sterile portions, usually 

 glabrous, rarely pubescent. 



In low grounds, Missouri and Kansas to Texas. Spring. 



5. Valerianella umbilicata (Sulliv. ) Krok. In habit and leaves resembling V. 

 radiata. Fruit about 2 mm. long with fertile portion much narrower and smaller than the 

 sterile portion, which is bladder-like by the infolding of the edges, thus forming a cross- 

 shaped umbilication. 



In low grounds, New York and Ohio to Pennsylvania and Tennessee. Spring and summer. 



6. Valerianella patellaria (Sulliv. ) Krok. In habit and leaves resembling V. radiata. 

 Fruit about 2 mm. long, with the fertile portion much smaller and narrower than the 

 sterile, edges never infolded, dialated, forming a saucer-shaped body with a notch 

 at both ends. 



In meadows and low grounds, Pennsylvania to Ohio and Tennessee. Spring. 



7. Valerianella Woodsiana (T. & G. ) Walp. In habit and leaves resembling V. 

 radiata. Fruit about 2 mm. long, with the fertile portions much smaller and narrower 

 than the sterile ; the cavities of this latter contiguous, with an oblong depression be- 

 tween them. 



In low grounds, New York to Pennsylvania, Ohio, Tennessee and Texas. Spring and summer. 



3. SIFHONELLA Small. 



Annual vernal herbs, with glabrous foliage and fleshy tissues, resembling Valerianella 

 in habit. Bracts of the inflorescence ciliate with gland-tipped teeth. Cymes congested. 

 Corolla white, cream-colored, purplish or pink, salverform : tube slender, twice or 

 four times as long as the lobes of the irregularly 2-lipped limb, commonly swollen 

 or spurred near the middle or base ; the two posterior lobes more united than the rest. 

 Stamens 3. Fruit with the fertile cavity much smaller than the two divergent empty 

 sterile cavities. 



Corolla pink or purplish ; tube over 6 mm. long, often swollen at the base. 1. V. longiflora. 



Corolla white or cream-colored ; tube less than 5 mm. long, often swollen at the middle. 2. V. Nuttallii. 



1. Siphonella longiflora (T. & G. ) Small. Stems erect, 1-3 dm. tall, simple or 

 branched throughout : leaves 1-5 cm. long ; basal spatulate, entire ; upper stem-leaves 

 with mostly oblong blades usually more or less sharply toothed at the base, obtuse : corolla 

 pink or purplish, about 1 cm. long ; tube nearly filiform, often swollen near the base, 3-4 

 times as long as the obtuse lobes : fruit almost orbicular in outline, saucer-shaped, the ster- 

 ile portions separated by a narrow partition, widely diverging, each larger than the fertile 

 portion which is tipped with a short blunt apex. [Fedia longiflora T. & G.] 



In low rocky grounds or on cliffs, Missouri and Arkansas. Spring. 



2. Siphonella Nuttallii (T. & G.) Small. Stems erect, 1-2" dm. tall, simple or 

 sparingly branched above : leaves 1-2 cm. long ; basal spatulate ; lower stem-leaves with 

 oblanceolate or oblanceolate-spatulate blades, and those of the upper leaves oblong, all 

 obtuse or retuse, entire : cymes congested : corolla cream-colored or white, 5-6 mm. long ; 

 tube slender, with a little sack near the middle, about twice as long as the obtuse lobes 

 of the limb : fruit similar to that of 8. longiflora, but the fertile portion with a soft 

 elongated tip. [Fedia Nuttallii T. & G.] 



On low plains, Arkansas. Spring. 



