1176 CARDUACEAE 



stem, much reduced above : spikes dense, cylindric, 3-4.5 cm. long, the heads crowded : 

 involucres 10-12 mm. high ; bracts ovate to oblong or linear-oblong, the acuminate tips 

 scarious and irregularly spreading : achenes 5 mm. long, minutely pubescent : pappus- 

 bristles minutely barbellulate. 



In dry soil, Minnesota to Illinois, Arkansas and Texas. Summer and fall. 



30. Laciniaria Langloisii Greene. Resembling L. pycnostachya in habit, but typi- 

 cally more slender, the foliage glaucescent-green : the heads in a narrower and less dense 

 spike : involucres 8-9 mm. high ; bracts pubescent, with scarious ciliate margins, acute or 

 mucronate, the tips more or less spreading : achenes 4 mm. long, pubescent : pappus- 

 bristles barbellulate. 



On prairies, Louisiana and Texas. Summer and fall. 



31. Laciniaria Chapmanii (T. & G.) Kuntze. Stems 2-6 dm. tall, strict, rigid. 

 Leaves numerous ; blades narrowly linear, 3-10 cm. long, much reduced and sessile above 

 the middle of the stem : spikes commonly dense, plumose at maturity : involucres narrow, 

 erect, 12-14 mm. high : bracts ovate to oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acute, apicu- 

 late or slightly acuminate : achenes 5.5-6 mm. long : pappus-bristles elongated, firm, bar- 

 bellulate near the base. 



On sand hills, Georgia and Florida. Summer and fall. The taller form with elongated basal and 

 lower cauline leaves, is L. Chapmanii longtfdlia Nash. 



32. Laciniaria pauciflora (Pursh) Kuntze. Stems 2-9 dm. long, sometimes re- 

 clining. Leaves firm ; blades narrowly linear, 5-10 cm. long, or the upper shorter : 

 racemes secund, hardly dense : involucres narrow, 12-14 mm. high ; bracts thinnish, ap- 

 pressed, ovate to oblong-ovate, oblong or oblong-oblanceolate or cuneate-oblanceolate, acute 

 or acuminate : achenes 4-4.5 mm. long, minutely pubescent : pappus-bristles minutely 

 barbellulate. 



In dry sand, South Carolina to Florida. Summer and fall. 



33. Laciniaria cymosa H. Ness. Stems 2.5-8 dm. tall, cymosely branched above, 

 more or less pubescent. Leaves rather few ; the basal and lower cauline with broadly 

 linear more or less acuminate blades 1-2.5 dm. long, the upper cauline with narrowly linear 

 thick blades : heads few or numerous : involucres cylindric, about 1.5 cm. high, peduncled ; 

 bracts orbicular to broadly cuneate and broadly oblong-linear, mucronulate : achenes 

 6.5-7 mm. long ; pappus-bristles plumose. 



In dry ground, central Texas. Fall. 



34. Laciniaria cylindracea (Michx.) Kuntze. Stems 3-5 dm. tall, simple, mostly 

 glabrous. Leaves rather numerous ; blades linear, often narrowly linear, 3-20 cm. long, 

 acute, often ciliolate near the base: heads usually few : involucres cylindric, 1.5-2.5 cm. 

 high ; bracts ovate to cuneate oblong and narrowly linear, short-acuminute or abruptly 

 acuminate, erose-ciliate, appressed : achenes 5-6 mm. long, pubescent : pappus-bristles 

 plumose. 



In dry soil and on prairies, Ontario to Minnesota, south to Ohio and Arkansas. Summer. 



35. Laciniaria squarrosa (L. ) Hill. Stems often tufted and partly spreading, 1-6 

 dm. tall, pubescent. Leaves numerous ; blades linear, 3-30 cm. long, often with scattered 

 hairs : heads solitary or few, subtended by leaf-like bracts : involucres cylindric, 1.5-2 

 cm. high ; bracts lanceolate to oblong-cuneate, oblong and narrowly linear, acuminate, the 

 upper portion more or less abruptly spreading : achenes 5-6 mm. long, pubescent : pappus- 

 bristles plumose. 



In dry sandy soil, Ontario to Minnesota, south to Florida and Texas. Summer. 



16. GARBERIA A. Gray. 



Low shrubs. Leaves numerous, alternate, vertical : blades leathery, narrowed to a 

 short jointed base. Heads in rather dense corymbose cymes. Involucres about 5-flowered : 

 bracts herbaceous, in about 5 series of 3-4 each, acute. Keceptacle naked. Corollas regu- 

 lar, widened at the throat. Anthers appendaged at the top. Stigmas elongated, rather 

 obtuse. Achenes slender, 10-ribbed. Pappus copious, the scabro-barbellulate bristles in 

 2 or more series, the inner longer. 



1. Garberia fruticosa (Nutt. ) A. Gray. A branching shrub 1-2 m. tall, with puberu- 

 lent young foliage. Leaves numerous ; blades spatulate or obovate, 2-3 cm. long, pale, 

 rounded or retuse at the apex, cuneately narrowed at the base : heads crowded : involucres 

 narrow, 10-12 mm. high ; bracts puberulent, linear-lanceolate to linear, acute : achenes 7 

 mm. long, finely pubescent : pappus much surpassing the involucres. 



In sandy soil, peninsular Florida. Spring to fall. 



