CARDUACEAE 1177 



17. CARPHEFHORTTS 



Perennial herbs, with scape-like stems simple below the inflorescence. Leaves alter- 

 nate, conspicuously larger at the base of the stem : blades narrow, flat or acerose, entire. 

 Heads showy, discoid, in terminal corymbose cymes. Involucres hemispheric to campanu- 

 late, many-flowered : bracts imbricated in several series, appressed, sometimes scarious- 

 margined. Receptacle nearly flat, with deciduous chaff. Corollas regular. Anthers 

 notched or emarginate at the apex. Stigmas clavate, obtuse. Achenes 10-ribbed. 

 Pappus in 1 or several series, the hair-like bristles plumose or barbellate. 



Leaves with acerose blades, erect or appressed. 1. C. Pseudo-Liatrit. 



Leaves with flat blades. 



Steins manifestly-pubescent. 



Bracts of the involucres densely pubescent, acute or acutish. 2. C, tomentosus. 



Bracts of the involucres glabrous, the inner scarious-margined and erose at 



the apex. 3. C, corymbosus. 



Stems glabrous or nearly so. 4. C. bellidijolius. 



1. Carphephorus Fseudo-Liatris Cass. Foliage cinereous-pubescent. Stems 3-7 

 dm. tall, wand-like : leaves mostly crowded at the base of the stem ; blades acerose, 1-3 

 dm. long, slightly keeled, half sheathing the stem, reduced to scales above : involucres 7- 

 9 mm. high ; bracts ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute or acuminate, pectinate-ciliate : 

 achenes 3 mm. long, minutely pubescent : pappus-bristles slightly plumose. 



In grassy pine lands, Georgia and Florida to Louisiana. Fall. 



2. Carphephorus tomentosus (Michx. ) T. & G. Foliage tomentulose, or hirsute 

 below, and there glabrate in age. Stems 3-7 dm. tall : leaves numerous ; blades linear- 

 spatulate below to oblong-oval or obovate on the upper part of the stem, often acutish, the 

 upper sessile : heads few : involucres 6-10 mm. high ; bracts ovate to oblong, 4-10 mm. 

 long, acute or acutish, densely pubescent : achenes 4 mm. long, strigose : pappus-bristles 

 barely plumose. 



In low pine lands, North Carolina to Florida. Summer and fall. 



3. Carphephorus corymbosus (Nutt. ) T. & G. Foliage pubescent. Stems 3-9 dm. 

 tall : basal and lower stem-leaves with spatulate or narrowly oblong-spatulate obtuse blades, 

 6-15 cm. long ; upper stem-leaves alternate ; blades cuneate, oblong or ovate, sessile : heads 

 numerous : involucres 6-9 mm. high ; bracts oval to oblong, 4-8 mm. long, obtuse, glabrous, 

 scarious-margined, the inner erose at the apex : achenes 4 mm. long, sharply ribbed, pubes- 

 cent : pappus-bristles barely plumose. 



In sandy pine lands, North Carolina to Florida. Summer and fall. 



4. Carphephorus bellidifolius (Michx. ) T. & G. Foliage minutely pubescent or 

 glabrate below. Stems 3-5 dm. tall : leaves fleshy ; blades linear-spatulate to linear, 2-10 

 cm. long, obtuse, 3-5-nerved, sessile : heads few :' involucres 30-12 mm. high ; bracts ob- 

 long, 5-12 mm. long, obtuse, ciliate : achenes 5 mm. long, sparingly pubescent: pappus- 

 bristles plumose. 



In sandy pine lands, North Carolina to Florida. Summer and fall. 



18. COLEOSANTHUS Cass. 



Herbs or shrubby plants, with upright branching stems. Leaves opposite or alternate : 

 blades broadest below the middle, usually toothed, prominently nerved beneath. Heads 

 several or numerous, or rarely solitary, discoid. Involucres oblong to campanulate, few- 

 many-flowered : bracts narrow, striate, in several series, the inner successively longer, 

 Receptacle naked. Corollas regular. Anthers obtuse at the base. Stigmas elongated, 

 obtuse. Achenes 10-ribbed or 10-striate. Pappus of one series of scabrous barbellate or 

 nearly smooth hair-like bristles. \_Brickellia Ell. ] 



Heads with 9-25 flowers : inflorescence racemose or paniculate. 



Leaves mainly alternate : involucres 7-8 mm. high. 1. C. Ridddlii. 



Leaves mainly opposite : involucres 10-11 mm. high. 2. C. cylindraceus. 



Heads with 30-50 flowers : inflorescence corymbose. 3. C. cordtfolius. 



1. Coleosanthus Riddellii (T. & G.) Kuntze. Cinereous-pubescent. Stems 5-12 

 dm. tall, nearly simple or fastigiately branched above : leaves mainly alternate, very 

 numerous ; blades lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 1-4 cm. long, acute, mainly entire, or 

 coarsely dentate-serrate, rugose : heads numerous : involucres 7-8 mm. high, 15-20-flowered : 

 bracts ovate to linear or linear-lanceolate, acute or mucronate, pubescent : achenes 4-4.5 

 mm. long, glabrous or nearly so : pappus-bristles barbellate. 



On river banks, Texas. Summer and fall. 



