1190 



CARDUACEAE 



Leaf-blades acute at the apex, the bases broad. 

 Leaf-blades more or less acuminate at the apex, the bases narrow, 

 b. Involucre 7-8 mm. high. 

 B. Heads in a terminal inconspicuously bracted, rarely contracted, panicle or 



thyrsus. 



Inflorescence consisting of a round-topped contracted panicle. 

 Inflorescence pyramidal or elongated. 



Tips of the involucral bracts, at least some of them, spreading or recurved. 

 Blades of the lower stem-leaves mainly over 5 cm. wide, smooth or nearly 



so. 

 Blades of the lower stem-leaves mainly less than 3 cm. wide, manifestly 



scabrous. 

 Leaves dull green. 



Leaves with a metallic lustre, often silvery. 

 Tips of the involucral bracts erect or appressed. 



Inflorescence equilateral or essentially so : heads not secund on the 



branches. 

 Upper stem-leaves not abruptly smaller than the lower, more or less 



Bracts of trie involucre decidedly obtuse. 

 Achenes glabrous. 



Stems copiously pubescent. 



Ray-flowers with white ligules. 



Ray-flowers with yellow ligules. 



Stems glabrous or merely puberulent. 



Involucre 4-6.5 mm. high, 2-4 mm. thick ; the bracts gla- 

 brous or nearly so. 

 Bracts of the involucre 1 mm. broad or broader near 



the rounded tip. 



Leaf-blades, at least the majority of them, toothed. 

 Involucres 4.5-5.5 mm. high, 3-3.5 mm. thick, the 



inner bracts barely 1 mm. wide. 

 Involucres 5.5-6.5 mm. high, 4^.5 mm. thick, the 



inner bracts fully 1 mm. wide. 

 Leaf-blades entire. 

 Bracts of the involucre less than 1 mm. broad near the 



somewhat narrowed apex. 



Involucre 7-7.5 mm. high, fully 5 mm. thick, the bracts pu- 

 bescent. 

 Achenes pubescent. 



Heads short-peduncled or sessile : inflorescence compact. 

 Heads slender-peduncled : inflorescence open. 

 Bracts of the involucre acute or acutish. 



Heads relatively few. in a lax panicle or thyrsus. 



Stems and leaves glabrous : upper stem-leaves with linear 



blades. 

 Stems and leaves softly puberulent : upper stem-leaves with 



broader blades. 



Heads relatively numerous, in a compact panicle or thyrsus. 

 Involucres 2.5-3 mm. thick ; bracts linear. 



Involucres narrowly campanulate, 3 mm. thick. 

 Involucres turbinate-campanulate, 2.5 mm. thick. 

 Involucres 4 mm. thick ; bracts oblong. 



Upper stem-leaves abruptly smaller than the lower, erect or appressed . 

 Inflorescence 1-sided : heads manifestly secund on the branches. 

 * Leaf-blades pinnately veined, not 3-ribbed. 

 Plants maritime : leaves fleshy-leathery. 

 Involucres 3.5-4 mm. high. 

 Involucres 5-6 mm. high. 

 Involucres campanulate. 

 Involucres turbinate. 

 Plants not maritime : leaves not fleshy-leathery. 



Internodesof the stem prominently angled below the leaves. 

 Involucres broadly campanulate, 4.5-5 mm. high, about 3 



mm. thick. 



Involucres narrowly campanulate, 4 mm. high, 2.5 mm thick. 

 Internodes of the stem terete or essentially so. 



Leaf-blades commonly about as broad as long, clasping or 



their petiole-like bases clasping. 



Leaf-blades, at least the lower ones, much longer than broad, 

 t Stem manifestly pubescent, rarely only in lines. 

 Leaves glabrous except the ciliate margins. 

 Leaf-blades entire. 



Stem pubescent in lines: leaf-blades 6-7 times 



longer than wide. 

 Stem pubescent all over: leaf-blades 2-5 times 



longer than wide. 

 Leaf-blades toothed. 



Inner bracts of the involucre linear : leaves green. 

 Inner bracts of the involucre oblong : leaves 



glaucescent. 

 Leaves pubescent. 



Leaf-blades not rugose-veiny. 

 Leaves of a linear type. 



Leaves of a,n oblong elliptic oval or ovate type. 

 Stem-leaves with clasping blades. 

 Stem-leaves not clasping. 



8. S. Buckleyi. 



9. S. monticola. 

 10. S. glomerata. 



11. S. spithamaea. 



12. S. squarrosa. 



13. S. petiolaris. 



14. S. Wardi. 



15. S. bicolor. 



16. S. hispida. 



17. S. erecta. 



18. S. speciosa. 



19. S. rigidiuscula. 



20. S. plumosa. 



21. S. Porteri. 



22. S. uliginosa. 



23. S. dispersa. 



24. S, Chrysopsis. 



25. S. verna. 



26. S. puberula. 



27. S. pulvenilenta. 



28. S. Lindheimeriana. 



29. S. stricta. 



30. S. angustifolia. 



31. S. sempervirens. 



32. S. flavovirens. 



33. S. patula. 



34. S. salicina. 



35. S. amplexicaulis. 



36. <S. odora. 



37. S. Chapmanii. 



38. S. brachyphylla. 



39. S. pallescens. 



40. S. torti/olia. 



41. S. 



