1194 CARDUACEAE 



or elliptic, 1-1.5 dm. long, narrowed into winged petiole-like bases, appressed serrate, gla- 

 brous or essentially so, those of the upper cauline smaller, linear-elliptic to oblong or oblance- 

 olate, entire or shallowly toothed : heads in a terminal thyrsus, the lower clusters often 

 remote and elongated : involucres campanulate, 4.5-5.5 mm. long, 3-3.5 mm. thick ; bracts 

 obtuse, often conspicuously green-tipped : ray -flowers with, bright yellow ligules : achenes 

 glabrous. 



In dry soil or open woods, New Jersey and Pennsylvania to Georgia and Alabama. Also reported 

 from farther west. Summer and fall. 



18. Solidago speciosa Nntt. Stems 7-19 dm. tall, somewhat angled especially above, 

 not copiously leafy, glabrous at least from near the inflorescence, often purple, usually sim- 

 ple : leaf-blades deep green, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves elliptic or oval, 1-2 

 dm. long, acute, shallowly toothed, those of the upper cauline leaves smaller, mainly ellip- 

 tic to elliptic-lanceolate, all finely reticulate-veiny beneath : heads in a terminal, sometimes 

 elongated or much branched thyrsus : involucres cylindric-campanulate, 5.5-6.5 mm. high, 

 4-4. 5 mm. thick ; bracts obtuse, partially green or green-tipped : ray-flowers with bright 

 yellow ligules : achenes glabrous. 



In dry or rich soil, Nova Scotia to Minnesota, Nebraska, North Carolina and Arkansas. Summer 

 and fall. 



19. Solidago rigidiiiscula (T. & G. ) Porter. Similar to S. speciosa in habit, but 

 smaller, and more stocky. Steins 4-12 dm. tall, striate-ridged, copiously leafy : leaf-blades 

 thick, bright green, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves spatulate oblong or elliptic, 

 those of the upper cauline oblong to linear-oblong, all entire : heads in a terminal cylindric 

 thyrsus or on raceme-like lateral branches : involucres campanulate, 4-5 mm. high, about 

 3 mm. thick : ray-flowers in yellow ligules : achenes glabrous. 



In dry soil, Minnesota and South Dakota to Ohio, Nebraska and Texas. Summer and fall. 



20. Solidago plumosa Small. Stems solitary or tufted, 2-9 dm. tall, glabrous, striate, 

 purple at least below : leaf-blades bright green, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves 

 narrowly or linear-spatulate to linear, 1-2 dm. long, crenate-serrate near the apex or essen- 

 tially entire, glabrous, narrowed into slender petiole-like bases, those of the upper cauline 

 linear or nearly so, often 2-4 mm. wide, entire, acuminate : heads in a terminal narrow, 

 conic or oblong thyrsus, very showy : involucres broadly campanulate, 5.5-6.5 mm. high, 

 4-4.5 mm. thick ; bracts somewhat Recurrent on the peduncle, thick, obtuse', keeled, the keel 

 and tip green : achenes glabrous. 



In sandy soil, falls and narrows of the Yadkin River, middle North Carolina. Summer and fall. 



21. Solidago Pdrteri Small. Stem 6-14 dm. tall, relatively stout, striate-angled, 

 purplish, glabrous, usually simple : leaf-blades finely but rather copiously pubescent, those 

 of the basal and lower cauline leaves spatulate to elliptic, narrowed into long petiole-like 

 bases, 1-2 dm. long, those of the upper cauline mainly elliptic, all appressed serrate, some- 

 what acuminate : heads relatively few, in a rather open narrow thyrsus sometimes in open 

 cymes terminating long peduncles : involucres broadly campanulate, 7 mm. high, fully 5 

 mm. thick ; bracts slightly decurrent on the peduncle, oblong, obtuse, green or green-tipped, 

 broadly keeled : achenes glabrous. 



In dry woods, middle Georgia. Summer and fall. 



22. Solidago uliglnosa Nutt. Stems 4-12 dm. tall, glabrous, striate-angled, purple 

 or purplish, usually simple : leaf-blades fleshy, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves 

 spatulate to elliptic, entire or shallowly toothed, glabrous, narrowed into broad petiole-like 

 bases, like those of the upper cauline much smaller, often entire, their bases, like those of 

 the lower, clasping the stem : heads in a terminal narrow or rarely slightly dilated thyrsus, 

 often crowded : involucres narrowly campanulate or cylindric-campanulate, 4.5-5.5 mm. 

 high, 3-3.5 mm. thick ; bracts barely decurrent on the peduncle, obtuse, thickish, rounded 

 on the back : achenes sparingly pubescent. 



In swamps or on moist rocks, Newfoundland to Minnesota and North Carolina. Summer and fa^l. 



23. Solidago disp6rsa Small. Stems 8-11 dm. tall, relatively slender, striate-ridged, 

 purplish, glabrous : leaf-blades sparingly pubescent, those of the basal and lower cauline 

 leaves spatulate to elliptic-spatulate, 5-15 cm. long, appressed serrate, narrowed into 

 petiole-like bases, those of the upper cauline much smaller, elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 

 less prominently serrate or those near the inflorescence entire, all acute or those of the 

 lower cauline leaves slightly acuminate : heads relatively few, in a lax terminal branching 

 thyrsus, not at all crowded : involucres turbinate-oampanulate, about 5 mm. high, 3-3.5 

 mm. thick ; bracts lax, narrowed to the tip but obtuse, flat : achenes pubescent. 



In dry soil, Louisiana. Summer and fall. 



24. Solidago Chrysdpsis Small. Stems about 3 dm. tall, striate, glabrous, simple, 

 very slender : leaf-blades various, glabrous, thick, those of the basal and lower cauline 



