CARDUACEAE 1201 



lower cauline spatulate to oblong-oblanceolate, sharply serrate, those of the upper cauline 

 linear-oblong to linear-lanceolate, acute or short-acuminate, entire or shallowly serrate : 

 heads numerous, slender-pedicelled, secund on the recurved pubescent branches of the 

 panicle : involucre turbinate-campanulate, 5-6 mm. high, about 3.5 mm. thick ; bracts 

 linear or mainly so, acutish, keeled on the back : achenes finely pubescent. 



On rocks, about the Falls of the Ohio River and in northwestern Arkansas. Summer. 



66. Solidago Nashli Small. Stems 6-9 dm. tall, striate, finely pubescent, purple- 

 tinged : leaves relatively numerous ; blades thinnish, glabrous, except the ciliate margins, 

 those of the lower cauline leaves linear-spatulate, 7-12 cm. long, often rather sharply ser- 

 rate, those of the upper cauline linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate, 4-11 cm. long, attenu- 

 ate, shallowly serrate or entire, less prominently 3-ribbed than those of the lower leaves : 

 heads numerous, secund on the recurved pubescent branches of the panicle : involucres 

 turbinate-campanulate, about 4 mm. high, 3-3.5 mm. thick ; bracts mainly linear, rather 

 obtuse, somewhat keeled on the back : achenes minutely pubescent. 



In hammocks and low grounds, southern Georgia and Florida. Spring and summer. 



67. Solidago Leavenwdrthii T. & G. Stems 5-12 dm. tall, striate, roughish 

 pubescent : leaves numerous ; blades thin, glabrous or nearly so, except the ciliate mar- 

 gins, those of the lower cauline leaves linear-spatulate or linear-oblanceolate, 7-14 cm. 

 long, sharply serrate above the entire base, those of the upper cauline narrowly linear-lan- 

 ceolate or nearly linear, slightly acuminate, serrate from about the middle to the apex, 

 less prominently serrate toward the inflorescence : heads numerous, secund on the spread- 

 ing or recurved pubescent branches of the one-sided panicle : involucres broadly carapan- 

 ulate, about 4 mm. high, 2.5 mm. thick ; bracts mainly linear, rather obtuse, thin : 

 achenes minntely pubescent. 



In damp soil, South Carolina to Florida. Summer and fall. 



68. Solidago ntp6stris Raf. Stems 5-11 dm. tall, finely or minutely pubescent, 

 striate, more or less branched above : leaves numerous ; blades thin, glabrous, those of the 

 basal and lower cauline narrow, slightly broadest above the middle manifestly serrate, those 

 of the upper cauline narrowly linear-lanceolate to almost linear, 3-9 cm. long, less strongly 

 serrate than those of the lower, long-acuminate, all manifestly 3-ribbed : heads numerous, 

 conspicuously small, secund on the spreading or recurved branches of the panicle : involu- 

 cres narrowly or cylindric-campanulate, 2-3 mm. high, 1-1.5 mm. thick ; bracts narrowly 

 linear or linear-subulate, acute : achenes minutely pubescent. 



On rocky banks of streams, Pennsylania to Indiana, District of Columbia and Tennessee. Summer 

 and fall. 



69. Solidago Canad&nsis L. Stems 6-25 dm. tall, pubescent or sometimes rather 

 puberulent, striate : leaves numerous ; blades rather thin, scabrous, prominently 3-ribbed, 

 more or less pubescent, especially beneath, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves 

 narrow, broadest above the middle, sharply serrate, early perishing, those of the upper 

 cauline oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, acuminate, sharply serrate or nearly entire : heads 

 numerous, secund on the pubescent branches of the one-sided panicle : involucres campanu- 

 late, 3-4 mm. long, 2-3 mm. thick ; bracts linear, acutish or sometimes obtuse. 



In dry or moist soil, New Brunswick to the Northwest Territory, Florida and Arizona. Summer 

 and fall. 



70. Solidago nemoralis Ait. Stems 1-9 dm. tall, finely pubescent or puberulent, 

 often pale or greenish : leaves few or numerous ; blades thick, firm in age, roughish pubes- 

 cent, those of the basal and lower cauline mainly spatulate, manifestly appressed-serrate, 

 acute or abruptly pointed, narrowed into usually relatively short petiole-like bases, those 

 of the upper cauline leaves much smaller than those of the lower, less prominently toothed 

 or entire : heads numerous, secund on the slender pubescent branches of the panicle : in- 

 volucres campanulate, 3.5-4 mm. long, about 1.5 mm. thick: bracts mainly linear, flat, 

 obtuse : achenes finely pubescent. 



In dry or stony soil, Quebec to the Northwest Territory, Florida and Texas. Summer and fall. 



71. Solidago longipetiolata Mackenzie & Bush. Similar to S. nemoralis in habit, 

 the foliage often more gray. Stems rigid : leaves firm, the main ones usually with fascicles 

 of smaller ones in their axils ; blades of the basal and lower cauline with usually markedly 

 elongated petiole-like bases : heads disposed as in S. nemoralis, but larger : involucres nar- 

 rowly campanulate, 4.5-5.5 mm. high, 2-2.5 mm. thick ; bracts oblong or linear-oblong, 

 rounded on the back, obtuse : achenes pubescent. 



In dry or sandy soil, Michigan to Wyoming and Texas. Summer and fall. 



72. Solidago mdllis Bartl. Stems 1-4 dm. tall, rigid, commonly tufted, finely gray- 

 pubescent, sometimes roughish, usually simple : leaves approximate, pale like the stem ; 

 blades thick, firm, scabrous, usually prominently ribbed and veiny, those of the basal and 



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