CAKDUACEAE 1255 



5. Rudbeckia alismaef olia T. & G. Stems 5-9 dm. tall, glabrous or glabrate below, 

 hispidulous or scabrous towards the furrowed summit, usually simple : leaf-blades oval or 

 elliptic, 5-12 cm. long, short-pointed or obtuse, repand-denticulate or nearly entire, 3-5- 

 nerved ; the basal leaves with long petioles : heads showy, rather large : bracts of the in- 

 volucre linear, short : ray-flowers 10-15 ; ligules yellow, 3-4 cm. long, eventually droop- 

 ing : disks subglobose, 1.5-2 cm. thick : chaff obtuse, canescent at the summit : pappus 

 conspicuous, toothed. 



In pine woods and on prairies, Arkansas to Louisiana and Texas. Summer and fall. 



6. Rudbeckia grandiflora C. C. Gmelin. Stems 5-9 dm. tall, scabrous or hispid 

 throughout : leaves mainly on the lower part of the stem, very rough on both surfaces ; 

 blades ovate-elliptic to lanceolate, 6-15 cm. long, acute or acuminate at the apex, cuneate 

 or more abruptly contracted at the base, shallowly serrate or denticulate ; petioles of the 

 lower cauline and basal leaves as long as the blades or longer : heads large, solitary or 

 few, showy : bracts of the involucre linear, acuminate : ray-flowers several ; ligules yel- 

 low, 3-3.5 cm. long, drooping : disks ovoid or ovoid-globose, 1.5-2.5 cm. thick : chaff ob- 

 tuse, canescent or pubescent at the summit : pappus conspicuous, crenate or toothed. 



On dry prairies, Missouri to the Indian Territory, Louisiana and Texas. Summer. 



7. Rudbeckia mollis Ell. Stems 3-10 dm. tall, often widely branched above, densely 

 hirsute with light gray hairs : leaf-blades elliptic, oblong, or spatulate-oblong, 1.5-6 cm. 

 long, mostly obtuse, crenate-dentate or entire, clothed on both surfaces with soft, fine and 

 close pubescence : heads showy : bracts of the involucre linear to linear-lanceolate, shorter 

 than the disk : ray-flowers 10-15 ; ligules bright yellow, 2-3.5 cm. long : disks brown- 

 purple, 1.5-2 cm. in diameter : chaff pointed, pubescent at the summit : pappus wanting. 



In pine lands and dry fertile soil, Georgia and Florida. Spring and summer. 



8. Rudbeckia maxima Nutt. Stems 1-3 m. tall, simple or branched above, smooth, 

 glaucous : leaf-blades oblong, oval or ovate, 6-20 cm. long, mostly obtuse, undulate, repand- 

 denticulate or entire, the upper sessile and partly clasping : heads large : bracts of the in- 

 volucres linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, short : ray-flowers several ; ligules yellow, 1.5- 

 4 cm. long : disks oblong to conic-cylindric, 2.5-6 cm. long : chaff abruptly short-pointed, 

 pubescent at the summit : achenes 6-8 mm. long, prismatic : pappus conspicuous, denticu- 

 late, accentuated at the angles. 



In moist soil, Arkansas and the Indian Territory to Louisiana and Texas. Spring and summer. 



9. Rudbeckia nitida Nutt. Stems 6-12 dm. tall, simple or branched, glabrous : leaf- 

 blades ovate-spatulate to lanceolate-oblong, 8-15 cm. long, mostly acute, denticulate or 

 entire ; petioles of the lower and basal leaves longer than the blades : heads large, showy : 

 bracts of the involucre relatively short, obtuse or obtusish : ray-flowers several ; ligules 

 yellow, drooping : disks cylindric or conic-cylindric, 3-4.5 cm. long : chaff pubescent at the 

 summit, pointed : achenes 6-8 mm. long, prismatic : pappus conspicuous, denticulate, 

 accentuated at the angles. 



In low grounds, Georgia to Florida and Texas. Spring to fall. 



10. Rudbeckia glabra DC. Stems 6-12 dm. tall, glabrous, more or less branched 

 above : leaf-blades elongated-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, attenuate at both ends, 1-3 

 dm. long, lustrous, repand-dentate or undulate, prominently veined and reticulated ; basal 

 and lower stem-leaves borne on winged petioles as long as the blades or longer, the upper 

 short-petioled or sessile : heads large and very showy : bracts of the involucre linear, 

 acute or acutish, relatively short : ray-flowers several to many, 3-5 cm. long ; ligules bright 

 yellow, drooping : disks cylindric or conic-cylindric, 2-4 cm. long : chaff pointed, pubes- 

 cent at the summit : achenes 6-8 mm. long, crowned by the conspicuous, toothed pappus. 



In swamps and low grounds, Georgia to Florida and Alabama. Spring to fall. 



11. Rudbeckia umbrosa Boynton & Beadle. Stems 4-] Odm. tall, striate, somewhat 

 pubescent, simple or branched : leaf-blades of the basal and lower stem-leaves ovate, 

 coarsely serrate, rounded, truncate or cordate at the base, acute at the apex : the upper 

 stem-leaves diminished in size, short-petioled or subsessile, the blades narrower and more 

 entire than the lower : heads mostly several, showy : involucral bracts oblong to linear-ob- 

 long, 10-15 mm. long, pointed: ray-flowers 8-12 ; ligules yellow or orange-yellow, 1.5-2 

 cm. long : disks 1-1.5 cm. wide, 8-12 mm. high : chaff broad, densely ciliate at the apex : 

 achenes displaying prominent coroniform pappus. 



In moist soil and woodlands, Kentucky, Tennessee and northwestern Georgia. Summer. 



12. Rudbeckia Chapmanii Boynton & Beadle. Stems 4-10 dm. tall, branched above, 

 glabrous or glabrate : leaf-blades ovate-lanceolate, those of the basal and lower cauline 

 leaves long-petioled, truncate or cordate at the base, dentate or coarsely crenate-dentate, 

 the upper gradually reduced in size, remotely dentate or nearly entire, sparingly pubescent 



