1256 CARDUACEAE 



on both surfaces : heads several or few, showy : involucral bracts 6-12 mm. long : ray-flow- 

 ers 12-16 ; ligules 1.5-2.5 cm. long, yellow or orange-yellow : disks hemispheric or short- 

 conic, 8-15 mm. high, 1-1.5 cm. broad : chaff short-pointed, ciliate with a few short hairs 

 at the tip : pappus a shallow coroniform border. 



In the mountains of Georgia and Alabama. Summer. 



13. Rudbeckia palustris Eggert. Stems 5-7 dm. tall, usually branched, glabrous or 

 glabrate, except at the summit : leaf -blades ovate-lanceolate, remotely serrate or dentate or 

 nearly entire, acuminate at the apex, narrowed or contracted at the base ; those of the basal 

 and lower cauline leaves borne on winged petioles, the upper gradually diminishing in 

 size, sessile or short-petioled, nearly entire : heads several, showy : involucral bracts linear 

 or linear-oblong, mostly obtuse, ciliate, smooth on the upper surface : ray-flowers 8-12 ; 

 ligules 1-2 cm. long, yellow : disks hemispheric or short-conic, 8-12 mm. high, 1-1.5 cm. 

 wide : chaff pointed, sparingly ciliate at the apex : pappus a low coroniform border accen- 

 tuated at the angles. 



In low grounds, Kentucky, Tennessee and Missouri. Summer and fall. 



14. Rudbeckia acuminata Boynton & Beadle. Stems 5-8 dm. tall, strigose, simple 

 or branched : leaf-blades lanceolate, acuminate, remotely serrate with low teeth, or entire, 

 sparsely pubescent on both surfaces ; those of the basal and lower cauline leaves slender- 

 petioled, the upper gradually diminished in size and borne on winged petioles, or the 

 uppermost subsessile : heads few or several, showy : involucral bracts lanceolate, acute, 

 ciliate on the margins, smooth above : ray-flowers 10-14 ; ligules 1-2.5 cm. long, yellow 

 or orange-yellow : disks hemispheric or short-conic, 1-1.5 cm. wide : chaffpointed, ciliate 

 at the apex : pappus a low coroniform border toothed at the angles. 



In woods, middle Tennessee. Summer! 



15. Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. Stems stout, 3-7 dm. tall, hirsute or somewhat hispid, 

 usually much branched : leaf-blades lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or cuneiform, hispid, 

 remotely toothed or entire, 3-12 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide, those of the uppermost leaves 

 with narrow subcordate bases, the lower on winged petioles : heads mostly several, showy : 

 involucral bracts linear to linear-lanceolate : ray-flowers 10-15 ; ligules relatively short, 

 orange or deep yellow : disks hemispheric or short-conic, 1-1.5 cm. wide: chaffpointed, 

 ciliate at the apex : pappus a low coroniform border accentuated at the angles. 



In woods and meadows, Pennsylvania to Virginia and North Carolina. Summer and fall. 



16. Rudbeckia foliosa Boynton & Beadle. Stems slender, 3-7 dm. tall, pubescent 

 or somewhat hispid, much branched and very leafy : leaf-blades lanceolate, oblong-lanceo- 

 late, elliptic or cuneiform, 2-7 cm. long, 5-15 mm. wide, sparingly serrate or entire, those 

 of the basal and lower cauline leaves borne on very slender petioles, the uppermost ses- 

 sile : heads several or numerous, small, showy : involucral bracts linear to oblong-linear : 

 ray-flowers 8-13 ; ligules relatively large, yellow : disks hemispheric or short-conic, mostly 

 less than 1 cm. wide : chaff pointed, ciliate at the apex : pappus a coroniform border 

 toothed at the angles. 



In woods, North Carolina to Florida. Summer and fall. 



17. Rudbeckia spathulata Michx. Stems 3-7 dm. tall, minutely pubescent, simple 

 or branched : leaf -blades entire or minutely and remotely toothed, pubescent with short 

 hairs on both surfaces : those of the basal leaves oval, mostly obtuse, cauline leaves 

 lanceolate, elliptic or oblanceolate, 2-6 cm. long, 5-18 mm. wide, acute at the apex, wedge- 

 shaped or more abruptly contracted at the base, the uppermost sessile or subsessile and 

 with shorter apices : heads solitary or few : involucral bracts linear, mostly acute : ray- 

 flowers about 8 ; ligules orange-yellow or yellow : disks hemispheric or short-conic, about 

 1 cm. wide : chaff pointed, ciliate at the apex : pappus a low coroniform border. 



In woods and along streams, North Carolina, Georgia and Alabama. Summer and fall. 



18. Rudbeckia Sullivantii Boynton & Beadle. Stems 5-10 dm. tall, hispid or gla- 

 brate, branched near the top : leaf-blades more or less pubescent, coarsely and irregularly ser- 

 rate or serrate-dentate ; those of the basal and lower cauline leaves oval, ovate or ovate- 

 lanceolate, petioled, acute or acuminate at the apex, either narrowed, rounded, truncate or 

 subcordate at the base, of the upper cauline leaves, narrower and shorter petioled, or of 

 the uppermost subsessile and entire : heads several, showy : involucral bracts linear-ob- 

 long, obtusish, 8-12 mm. long: ray-flowers 10-15 ; ligules 2-4 cm. long, yellow with an 

 orange base : disks hemispheric or short-conic, 12-18 mm. wide : chaff mostly naked at 

 the erose summit, or the outermost erose-denticulate : achenes 3-4 mm. long with coroni- 

 form pappus toothed at the angles. 



In low grounds, Michigan and Ohio to Tennessee and Alabama. Summer and fall. 



