CAKDUACEAE 1257 



19. Rudbeckia speciosa Wender. Stems 5-10 dm. tall, hirsute or somewhat his- 

 pid, branched above : leaf-blades sparingly rough-hairy, those of the basal leaves ellip- 

 tic, 2.5-5 cm. broad, acute at the apex, narrowed at the base and prolonged into slender 

 petioles ; of the cauline leaves, elongated-lanceolate, often falcate, 1-4 cm. broad, coarsely 

 and irregularly serrate or laciniately dentate, acuminate, narrowed at the base, subsessile 

 or petioled, or those of the uppermost leaves sessile, entire or nearly so : heads few or 

 several, showy : involucral bracts linear to linear-lanceolate, acute : ray-flowers 12-20 ; 

 ligules 2-3.5 cm. long, yellow or orange-yellow at the base : disks hemispheric or short- 

 conic, 13 mm.-2 cm. broad : chaff pointed, smooth at the erose or erose-denticulate apex : 

 pappus a coroniform border accentuated at the angles. 



In woods and low grounds, Pennsylvania to Georgia, Alabama and Missouri. Summer and fall. 



20. Rudbeckia truncata Small. Stems 3-8 dm. tall, sparingly hirsute or glabrate, 

 mostly branched above : leaf-blades remotely and shallowly dentate or entire ; those of the 

 basal leaves narrowly elliptic, 5-10 cm. long, acute or acuminate at both ends, borne 

 on winged petioles ; those of the cauline narrowly lanceolate to oblong or oblong-linear, 

 3-10 cm. long, acute or acuminate, borne on winged petioles or sessile by a narrowed, 

 truncate or subclasping base : heads several to many, showy : involucral bracts linear to 

 linear-lanceolate, mostly acute: ray-flowers 10-14 ; ligules yellow or deep yellow: disks 

 hemispheric or short-conic, 1-1.5 cm. wide : chaff pointed, naked at the erose apex : pappus 

 a low crown-like border accentuated at the angles. 



In woods and low grounds, Georgia to Alabama and Tennessee. Fall. 



21. Rudbeckia Missomiensis Engelm. Stems 4-6 dm. tall, more or less hirsute, 

 fastigiately much-branched, or occasionally simple : leaf -blades rough -pubescent on both 

 surfaces ; those of the basal leaves linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 4-8 cm. long, 

 entire, or with an occasional minute, callous tooth, borne on slender, hirsute petioles ; of 

 the stem leaves, linear to linear-lanceolate, entire, nearly or quite sessile by a tapering 

 base, gradually reduced in size upward or at least on the branches : heads mostly several, 

 showy : involucral bracts 8-10 mm. long, linear to linear-oblong : ray-flowers usually 12- 

 14; ligules 1.5-2.5 cm. long: disks hemispheric, 1-1.5 cm. broad, 8-12 mm. high : chaff 

 pointed, the apex naked and entire : achenes with very short coroniform pappus. 



In dry or rocky soil, Missouri and Arkansas to northern Louisiana. Summer and fall. 



22. Rudbeckia tenax Boynton & Beadle. Stems 4-8 dm. tall, sparingly hirsute or 

 pubescent, simple or branched : leaf-blades more or less pubescent ; those of the basal 

 leaves ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate or elliptic, mostly acute, 3-10 cm. long, borne 

 on margined petioles often longer than the blades ; of the cauline leaves ovate-lanceolate 

 to lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 2-8 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, re- 

 motely and shallowly dentate or entire, borne on winged petioles or the uppermost sessile : 

 heads solitary or several : involucral bracts oblong to lanceolate, 6-10 mm. long, usually 

 pointed : ray-flowers 8-1 4 ; ligules short, 6-12 mm. long, yellow with an orange base : disks 

 hemispheric, 10-18 mm. wide : chaff acute, the hyaline "tip erose or denticulate : pappus a 

 low crown toothed at the angles. 



In fields and woods, middle Tennessee and Alabama. Summer and fall. 



23. Rudbeckia graminifolia (T. & G.) Boynton & Beadle. Stems 6-8.5 dm. tall, 

 simple, pubescent : leaf -blades elongated -linear, 6-25 cm. long, 4 mm.-l cm. wide, 3- 

 nerved, the lateral nerves at the extreme borders, acute, narrowed below and passing in- 

 sensibly into apparent petioles ; those of the upper leaves gradually diminished in size, 

 sometimes only 2-4 cm. long, appearing sessile : heads solitary : involucral bracts 6-9 mm. 

 long, acuminate from a broad base : ray-flowers 8-10 ; ligules 8-12 mm. long, deep crim- 

 son : disk hemispheric to oblong-ovoid : chaff mucronate, entire at the apex : pappus a 

 low border toothed at the angles. 



. On the margins of ponds in pine lands, southern Georgia and adjacent parts of West Florida. 

 Spring and summer. 



24. Rudbeckia Mohrii A. Gray. Stems 4-12 dm. tall, smooth and glabrous, often 

 loosely branched : leaf -blades linear or elongated-linear, acuminate, 1-3 dm. long, 1-12 

 mm. wide, prominently nerved, the lower narrowed into winged petioles : heads few or 

 several : bracts of the involucre linear to linear-lanceolate, 3-6 mm. long, acute or acumi- 

 nate : ray-flowers 6-12 ; ligules yellow, 1.5-3 cm. long : disks ovoid-conic to conic-cylin- 

 dric at maturity : chaff conspicuously mucronate, smooth and entire at the apex : pappus a 

 coroniform border accentuated at the angles. [R. bupleuroides A. Gray. ] 



On the borders of ponds in pine lands, southern Georgia and adjacent portions of West Florida. 

 Summer. 



25. Rudbeckia triloba L. Stems 6-15 dm. tall, hispid or hirsute, branched : leaves 

 various, the basal with ovate or oblong-ovate, serrate, cordate, long-petioled blades ; stem- 



