CARDUACEAE 1267 



17. Helianthus heterophyllus Nutt. Perennial, hirsute or hispid. Stems 4-12 dm. 

 tall, simple or rarely much branched : leaves mostly opposite ; blades various, those of the 

 basal leaves oblong, elliptic or spatulate, 6-30 cm. long ; those of the stem-leaves linear or 

 nearly so, mostly shorter than those of the basal leaves, all entire : heads showy : invo- 

 lucres 1.5-2 cm.' broad ; bracts lanceolate, 8-12 mm. long, slightly acuminate, sparingly 

 pubescent and ciliate : ray-flowers about 20 ; ligules 2.5-3.5 cm. long : disk brown-purple, 

 1.5-2.5 cm. broad. 



In low pine lands, North Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. Fall. 



18. Helianthus atrorubens L. Perennial, hirsute to hispid, or glabrate above. 

 Stems 6-18 dm. tall, or rarely shorter, sparingly branched above : leaves opposite, mainly 

 on the lower part of the stem ; blades ovate, oval, elliptic or lanceolate, 5-20 cm. long, 

 more or less toothed, cuneate to truncate at the base ; petioles winged, shorter than the 

 blades : heads rather showy : involucres broadly campanulate, about 1 cm. high ; bracts 

 leathery, oblong to oblong-obovate, obtuse or mucronate : ray-flowers several ; ligules 

 bright yellow, 1.5-2 cm. long : disk about 1.5 cm. broad. 



In and about open woods, Virginia and Missouri to Florida and Louisiana. 



19. Helianthus Radula (Pursh) T. & G. Perennial, hispid or hirsute. Stems 

 simple and erect or branched at the base, the branches ascending or decumbent, 2-9 dm. 

 long, terminated by long peduncles : leaves mainly basal or near the base of the stem ; 

 blades suborbicular to spatulate, or sometimes elliptic or rhombic, 3-8 cm. long, strongly 

 3-ribbed, often cuneately narrowed into broad petioles : heads solitary, not showy : bracts 

 of the involucres oblong to lanceolate, 8-10 mm. long, abruptly acuminate, more or less 

 ciliate: ray-flowers few ; ligules inconspicuous or obsolete : disk brownish purple, 1.5-2.5 

 cm. broad : achenes 4-4.5 mm. long. 



In low pine lands, Georgia to Florida and Alabama. Fall. 



20. Helianthus occidentals Eiddell. Perennial, hispidulous and scabrous. Stems 

 6-15 dm. tall, sparingly branched above, the peduncles elongated : leaves few, opposite ; 

 blades oblong, elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, 6-15 cm. long, entire or denticulate, narrowed 

 into long margined petioles, the upper ones more or less reduced : heads showy : involucres 

 campanulate, 7-9 mm. high ; bracts ovate-lanceolate to cuneate, more or less prolonged- 

 acuminate, nearly glabrous : ray-flowers 11-17 ; ligules yellow, 1.5-2 cm. long: disk yel- 

 low, 1 cm. broad. 



In dry soil, Ohio to Minnesota, Georgia, Florida and Texas. 



21. Helianthus Dowellianus M. A. Curtis. Perennial, glabrate or finely pubescent 

 but not scabrous. Stems 8-15 dm. tall, more or less branched, the long peduncles reddish : 

 leaves opposite or a few of the upper ones alternate ; blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 8-12 

 cm. long, rather blunt, shallowly toothed, paler beneath than above, with narrowly cuneate 

 bases and petioles as long as the blades on the lower part of the stem : heads showy : in- 

 volucres hemispheric, slightly over 1 cm. broad ; bracts mainly lanceolate, acute or some- 

 what acuminate, ciliolate, finely ribbed : ray-flowers 12-15 ; ligules bright yellow, 2.5-3.5 

 cm. long : disk yellow, fully 1 cm. broad. 



In open woods, District of Columbia and along the mountains to Georgia. Summer. 



22. Helianthus Egg6rtii Small. Perennial essentially smooth and glabrous, except 

 the ciliate leaf-blades and involucral bracts. Stems 8-15 dm. tall, sparingly branched 

 above, more or less glaucescent : leaves opposite to the inflorescence ; blades narrowly 

 lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 7-14 cm. long, acuminate, nearly entire, glaucous beneath : 

 heads conspicuous : involucres hemispheric, 1.5 cm. broad ; bracts mainly lanceolate, acute 

 or slightly acuminate, ciliate, the inner 13-14 mm. long, over 4 mm. wide at the base : 

 ray-flowers 8-16 ; ligules 2-2.5 cm. long: disk about 1.5 cm. wide. 



On rocky hills, Dickson County, Tennessee. 



23. Helianthus laevigatus T. & G. Perennial, smooth and glabrous or nearly so. 

 Stems 5-18 dm. tall, sometimes purple, often branching : leaves opposite ; blades rather 

 firm, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 5-14 cm. long, acuminate, remotely serrate or nearly 

 entire, smooth on both sides, pale green beneath, short-petioled : heads conspicuous : in- 

 volucres campanulate, 1 cm. broad ; bracts lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 

 appressed, ciliate, the inner 9-11 mm. long, less than 3 mm. broad at the base : ray -flowers 

 few ; ligules 2-2.5 cm. long, bright yellow : disk 10-13 mm. broad. 



On mountain slopes, Virginia and North Carolina. Summer. 



24. Helianthus longif olius Pursh. Perennial, bright green, smooth and glabrous. 

 Stems erect or ascending, 6-12 dm. tall, often purple-spotted : leaves opposite, sometimes 

 approximate near the base of the stem ; blades 3-ribbed, those of the basal leaves oblong or 

 oblong-lanceolate, rather blunt, often distinctly toothed, narrowed into margined petioles, 

 those of the stem-leaves almost linear to narrowly linear-lanceolate, more or less contracted 



