1284 CAKDUACEAE 



Involucral bracts oblong, apiculate : achene 1.5 mm. lonp : cauline 



leaves relatively many and narrow. 6. M. ramosa. 



Involucral bracts oblong-elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, acute : achene 



2.5-3 mm. long : cauline leaves few and broad. 7. M. Mohrii. 



B. Corolla-tube swollen into a throat. 



Upper cauline leaves greatly reduced : aohenes 4-5 mm. long. 8. M. grandiflora. 



Upper cauline leaves not much reduced : achenes about 2 mm. long. 9. if. trinervia. 



1. Marshallia laciniarioides Small. Stems 3-4 dm. tall, often sparingly branched 

 above, leafy to near the top : leaves numerous, the basal and those on the lower part of the 

 stem 10-12 cm. long, with linear, or sometimes broadly linear blades, which are attenuate 

 at both ends, prominently 3-ribbed, entire ; upper stem-leaves narrowly linear, sessile : pe- 

 duncles slender : heads few-flowered : involucres about 6 mm. high ; bracts rigid, attenuate, 

 winged below the middle: corolla-tube less than 5 mm. long, villous : achenes 1-1.5 mm. 

 long. 



In the low country, North Carolina to Georgia. Summer. 



2. Marshallia Williamsonii Small. Similar to 3/. laciniarioides in habit, but about 

 twice as large. Leaves fewer : heads many-flowered : involucres about 8 mm. high ; bracts 

 attenuate, the longer ones mainly over 6 mm. long : corolla-tube over 5 mm. long : achenes 

 2.5-3 mm. long. 



In open woods, eastern North and South Carolina. Spring to fall. 



3. Marshallia graminifolia (Walt.) Small. Stems 2-7 dm. tall, simple or branching 

 above : leaves alternate ; blades 2-8 cm. long, spatulate to oblong, oblong-ovate at the base 

 of the stem, to narrowly linear above, entire : involucres many-flowered ; bracts linear- 

 lanceolate to linear-elliptic, slender-tipped : corolla-tube 5-6 mm. long : achenes 1-1.5 mm. 

 long, often glabrate at maturity, longer than the pappus. 



In pine lands, North Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. Summer. The form with a simple stem 

 and a small head, is M. graminifolia cyananthera (Ell.) Beadle & Boynton. 



4. Marshallia obovata (Walt.) Beadle & Boynton. Stems 1-3 dm. tall, usually 

 simple : leaves mainly at or near the base of the stem ; blades spatulate to oblong or lin- 

 ear-spatulate, 1-5 cm. long, or those above the base of the stem longer (5-10 cm. ): pedun- 

 cles pubescent under the heads, greatly elongated : involucres many-flowered ; bracts oblong 

 or obtuse, 7-8 mm. long : corolla-tube 7-8 mm. long, tomentulose : achenes turbinate, 2 

 mm. long, pubescent, much longer than the pappus. 



In open woods, North Carolina to Florida and Alabama. Spring and summer. The more common 

 form is M. obovata platyphyUa (M. A. Curtis) Beadle & Boynton ; it is represented by larger plants com- 

 monly 4-6 dm. tall, with the stem often as long as the peduncle, longer and broader leaf-blades and 

 larger heads. 



5. Marshallia caespitosa Nutt. Stems 2-4 dm. tall, often tufted, simple or sparingly 

 branched : leaves mainly at the base of the stem ; blades spatulate or linear-spatulate to 

 linear-lanceolate or linear,' 2-10 cm. long, acute, entire : peduncles greatly elongated, 

 pubescent under the heads : involucres many-flowered : bracts narrowly linear-lanceolate 

 acute, 7-9 mm. long : corolla-tube 6-7.5 mm. long, tomentulose : achenes obpyramidal, 

 2-2.5 mm. long, pubescent on the angles, shorter than the pappus. 



In calcareous soil, Kansas to Arkansas, Louisiana and Texas. Spring and summer. M. caespitosa 

 signdta Beadle & Boynton, is usually branched, and with the stem or branches as long as the peduncles 

 longer. 



6. Marshallia ramosa Beadle & Boynton. Stems 1 . 5-2 dm. tall, sometimes clustered, 

 corymbosely much-branched above : leaves relatively numerous, the basal and lower cau- 

 line 5-15 cm. long, with linear-spatulate or nearly linear blades narrowed into petiole-like 

 bases, upper cauline leaves more nearly linear : peduncles slender : heads many-flowered : 

 involucres 4-6 mm. high ; bracts oblong, rounded and minutely apiculate at the apex : 

 corolla-tube about 5 mm. long: achenes about 1.5 mm. long: pappus-scales shorter than 

 the achene, lacerate above. 



In moist pine lands, southern Georgia. Spring and summer. 



7. Marshallia Mohrii Beadle & Boynton. Stem 4-7 dm. tall, simple or with several 

 short branches near the top : leaves few, the basal and lower cauline 1-2.5 dm. long, with 

 narrowly oblong, narrowly elliptic or somewhat spatulate 3-ribbed blades narrowed into 

 petiole-like bases, upper cauline leaves remote, with oblong or lanceolate sessile blades : 

 heads slender-peduncled, several- to many-flowered : involucres 5-8 mm. high ; bracts ob- 

 long-elliptic to narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute : corolla-tube about 7 mm. long : achenes 

 2.5-3 mm. long : pappus-scales about 2 mm. long, sharply few-toothed. 



In moist soil or pine woods, in the Lookout Mountain region, Georgia and Alabama. Spring and 

 summer. 



8. Marshallia grandiflora Beadle & Boynton. Stem 3.5-7 dm. tall, usually simple : 

 leaves few, the basal and lower cauline 5-30 cm. long, with spatulate, oblong or elliptic 



