CICHOEIACEAE 1317 



oblong, dentate or pinnatifid, sometimes shorter than the petioles, those of stem- 

 leaves 1-3 dm. long, sinuate-pinnatifid, the edges entire or irregularly toothed: 

 peduncles often with small scales: involucres 10^-12 mm. high; bracts ovate-lanceo- 

 late: ligules yellow: achenes oval-oblong, 3 mm. long, the beak fully as long as the 

 body. 



In open ground, Nova Scotia to Saskatchewan, Florida and Louisiana. Summer and fall. 



5. Lactuca hirsuta Muhl. Biennial, hirsute or rarely glabrate. Stems erect, 

 6-12 dm. tall, paniculate above: leaf -blades oblanceolate to oblong in outline, sinuate- 

 pinnatifid, 1-2 dm. long, sometimes hirsute only near the base; segments more or less 

 angulately toothed: peduncles naked or nearly so: involucres 1215 mm. long, often 

 purplish; bracts lanceolate to narrowly linear, the inner scarious-margined : ligules 

 purplish yellow to white: achenes oblong or elliptic, 3-5 mm. long, the body shorter 

 than the beak. 



In dry soil, Maine to Ontario and Minnesota, south to Alabama and Texas. Summer 

 and fall. 



6. Lactuca gramioifolia Michx. Biennial or perennial, glabrous or nearly so, 

 glaucescent. Stems erect, 6-15 dm. tall, paniculately branched above: leaf -blades 

 elongated-linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate, 10-40 cm. long, entire or with a few 

 spreading or deflexed lobes; both the entire and pinnatifid types often on the same 

 plant: peduncles often with minute scales: involucres 12-15 mm. high; bracts linear- 

 lanceolate to lanceolate, the inner scarious-margined: ligules purple, blue or rarely 

 white or yellowish: achenes elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 4-4.5 mm. long, the beak much 

 shorter than the body. 



In fields or woods, South Carolina to Florida and Texas. Spring to fall. 



7. Lactuca pulche'lla (Pursh) DC. Perennial, glabrous, more or less glaucous. 

 Stems erect, 37 dm. tall, corymbosely paniculate above: leaves 5-20 cm. long, 

 numerous; blades linear to lanceolate, entire, toothed or pinnatifid, acute or obtuse, 

 those of basal and lower stem-leaves sometimes with winged petioles, those of upper 

 stem-leaves sessile and partly clasping: peduncles often copiously scaly: involucres 

 16-20 mm. long; inner bracts linear-lanceolate, acute or obtusish: ligules blue or 

 violet : achenes black, the body rather elliptic, ribbed, 4 mm. long ; beak shorter than 

 the body. 



In moist places, Ontario to the Northwest Territory and British Columbia, south to the 

 Indian Territory, New Mexico and California. Spring to fall. 



8. Lactuca villosa Jacq. Annual or biennial, rather slender. Stems erect, 1-2 

 m. tall, paniculately branched above, glabrous: leaf -blades elliptic, oval or oblong- 

 lanceolate, 8-20 cm. long, acuminate, irregularly dentate, narrowed into winged 

 petioles or nearly sessile: peduncles commonly with few scales: involucres 10-13 

 mm. high; bracts linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, often purple: ligules blue: achenes 

 elliptic, 4 mm. long, with thick margins and 3 ribs on each face, beakless, not nar- 

 rowed into a slender neck. 



On banks or in thickets, New York to Illinois, south to Florida and Kentucky. Summer 

 and fall. 



9. Lactuca Floridana (L.) Gaertn. Annual or biennial, stout or stoutish. 

 Stems 1-3 m. tall, paniculately branched above, often mottled: leaf -blades thin, 

 commonly ample, 36-45 cm. long, ly rate -pinnatifid; segments irregularly toothed, the 

 terminal one usually triangular: involucres 10-12 mm. high; bracts linear-lanceolate 

 to linear, deep green or purplish: ligules blue: achenes curved, 6-7 mm. long, each 

 narrowed into a neck. 



On hillsides and open grounds, New York to Nebraska, Florida and Louisiana. Summer 

 and fall. 



10. Lactuca spicata (Lam.) A. S. Hitchcock. Biennial, glabrous. Stems erect, 

 1-3.5 m. tall, paniculately branched above: leaf -blades 1-4.5 dm. long, merely toothed 

 or sinuately or uncinately pinnatifid; segments coarsely and irregularly dentate: 

 peduncles often sparingly scaly: involucres 9-11 mm. high; bracts lanceolate to 

 linear-lanceolate, pale or scarious-margined: ligules white, bluish or yellowish: 

 achenes 5 mm. long, each with a wing-like margin and thinly ribbed faces, narrowed 

 into a very short neck. [L. leucophaea A. Gray.] 



In dry or moist soil, Newfoundland to Manitoba, North Carolina, Tennessee and Iowa. 

 Summer and fall. The variety, with merely toothed leaf-blades, is L. spicata intearifdlia 

 (A. Gray) Britton. 



