CICHOEIACEAE 1319 



noon. Involucre cylindric or campamilate : bracts in one series, nearly equal, united 

 at the base. Corollas yellow or purplish: rays sometimes surpassed by the involucral 

 bracts: ligules truncate, 5-toothed at the apex. Anthers sagittate at the base. 

 Stigmas slender. Achenes narrow, terete or 5-angled, 5-10-ribbed, slender-beaked or 

 the outer ones beakless. Pappus-bristles in one series, united at the base, plumose, the 

 plume-branches interwebbed. SALSIFY. OYSTER PLANT. 



1. Tragopogon porrifolius L. Foliage glabrous, more or less glaucous. Stems 

 erect, 4-15 dm. tall: leaves elongated, tapering from the clasping or sheathing base 

 to a slender tip: peduncles stout and hollow for several cm. below the heads, erect: 

 heads showy, 5-10 cm. broad: involucre surpassing the rays: bracts linear-lanceolate, 

 acuminate, ascending or spreading during anthesis: rays purple: achenes 3.5-4 mm. 

 long, the outer with scale-like tubercles especially along the ribs. 



In fields and waste places, Ontario to Minnesota and Nebraska, south to Georgia. 

 Native of Europe. Summer and fall. 



10. ADOPOGON Neck. 



Annual or perennial caulescent or scapose herbs, with pale green or glaucous 

 foliage. Leaves mainly basal, sometimes completely so: blades entire, or pinnately 

 toothed or pinnatifid. Heads yellow or orange, solitary or corymbed. Involucres 

 campanulate: bracts herbaceous, in 1 or 2 series, not accompanied by smaller ones 

 without. Eeceptacle flat, naked. Ligules yellow, sometimes numerous or truncate 

 and toothed at the apex. Anthers sagittate at the base. Stigmas slender, rather 

 obtuse. Achenes oblong to turbinate, 15-20-ribbed, beakless. Pappus mostly in 2 

 series, the outer of thin broad scales, the inner of slender bristles, or rarely wanting. 

 \Krigia Schreb.] DWARF DANDELION. 



Annual plants. 



Involucres of 5-8 bracts, firm and keeled at maturity. I. A. occidentalis. 



Involucres of 9-18 thin, nerveless bracts. 2. A. Carolinianus. 



Perennial plants. 



HI Plants caulescent, sometimes apparently acaulescent: heads 2-many. 



Irf Stems simple below the inflorescence or nearly so : peduncles branching. 3. A. Virginicus. 

 Stems diffusely branched: peduncles simple. 4. A. nwntanus. 



[Plants scapose: head solitary. 5. A. Dandelion. 



1. Adopogon occidentals (Nutt.) Kuntze. Annual, minutely pubescent or 

 glabrate, acaulescent. Leaf-blades obovate, spatulate or oblong, 1-4 cm. long, entire 

 or lyrate-lobed, or pinnatifid, the segments broad; petioles as long as the blades or 

 longer: scapes slender, 0.5-2 dm. tall, often numerous, glandular-hispidulous : bracts 

 of the involucres 5-8, oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long, becoming keeled, firm : 

 achenes barely 1.5 mm. long, ribbed and transversely wrinkled: pappus-scales broadly 

 obovate, the bristles alternating with those over the stronger ribs about as long as the 

 pappus-scales or wanting. 



On prairies, Missouri to Arkansas and Texas. Spring. 



2. Adopogon Carolinianus (Walt.) Britton. Annual, often pubescent, glauces- 

 cent. Leaf-blades spatulate or nearly linear in outline, 2-12 cm. long, coarsely 

 toothed, deeply pinnatifid; scapes erect or ascending 3-40 cm. tall, usually glandular- 

 hirsute under the head: involucres glabrous; bracts 9-18, linear to lanceolate, 4-5 

 mm. long, thin, nerveless: achenes 1.5 mm. long, 5-angled, narrowly turbinate: pappus- 

 bristles about twice as long as the achenes and many times longer than the rounded 

 obovate scales. [Krigia Virginica Willd.] 



In dry soil, Maine to Ontario and Minnesota, south to Florida and Texas. Spring 

 and summer. 



3. Adopogon Virginicus (L.) Kuntze. Perennial, glabrous or nearly so. Stems 

 erect, 1-7 dm. tall, simple or branched, sometimes scape-like: leaf -blades spatulate, 

 oblong or oval, 5-20 cm. long, obtuse or acute, entire, repand or somewhat lyrate, often 

 narrowed into broadly-winged petioles; stem-leaves with small sessile partly clasping 

 blades: peduncles sometimes glandular-hirsute under the heads: involucres glabrous; 

 bracts linear or linear-lanceolate: heads 1-1.5 cm. long, orange to reddish orange: 

 achenes 2 mm. long, nearly oblong: pappus 10-15 small oblong scales and as many or 

 more bristles longer than the achene. [Krigia amplexicaulis Nutt.] 



In meadows and moist open woods, Massachusetts to Ontario, Manitoba, Georgia and 

 Kansas. Spring to fall. 



