EVERGREEN TREES AND SHRUBS. 239 



sea of small-leaved trees like the Tamarisks, Sea Buckthorn, and 

 small Willows, we very soon get a bit of shelter, and by backing 

 these with the close-growing conifers like our common Juniper 

 and some of the sea-loving Pines, like Pinaster, and in mild southern 

 and western districts the Californian Cypress and the Monterey Pine, 

 we soon get shelter and companionship for our trees, and fifty yards 

 away we may soon walk in woods as stately as in any part of the 

 country. Having got our shelter in this way the growth of the 

 hardy Pines of the northern world seems as easy by the sea as 

 anywhere ; indeed, more so, because if there is any one place where 

 the rather tender Pines are grown well it is near the sea in places 

 around our coast, where if the soil is good, one has not to be so 

 careful about the hardiness of trees we select as we have to be 

 in inland places. 



The Evergreen Oak takes a lead among the trees near the sea, 

 and it ought to be largely used ; but as it is not very easily trans- 

 planted from nursery-bought plants, it is just as 

 The Ilex. well to raise it on the place and plant it young. 

 Seed may be scattered with some advantage in 

 places we wish it to grow in, as it grows freely from seed. 



The Evergreen Oak withstood the great gales of 1897 * n the 

 south and west of England better than any other tree. At Killerton 

 and Knightshayes, and many other places where the destruction 

 was greatest, the Evergreen Oak was not among the many victims. 

 It is a precious tree for the south and west and all seashore districts, 

 and should never be forgotten among the crowd of novelties. As 

 with so many trees, it suffers from indiscriminate planting with other 

 and sometimes coarser things, and is rarely grouped in any effective 

 way, although here and there, as at Ham House, at Killerton, and 

 at St Ann's, we may see the effect of holding this tree together. 



In addition to the common evergreen trees of Europe, Scotch Fir, 



Spruce and Silver Firs, we have the noble Corsican Pine, which, from 



its habitat in Calabria and in Corsica, can have 



The Pines. no objection to the sea. The Pines of the Pacific 



coast, too, are well used to its influences, and we see 



in our country good results from planting them near the sea, as, for 



example, Menzies' Spruce at Hunstanton, the Monterey Pine at 



Bicton, the Redwood in many places near the sea. One good result 



of planting in such places is that we may use so many evergreen 



trees, from the Holly to the Cedar, and so get a certain amount of 



warmth as well as shelter. 



Though our country generally is not perhaps fitted for the growth 

 of the Cork Oak, a fine evergreen tree, it is here and there seen in 

 southern and sheltered parts on warm soils, as in certain parts of 



