380 CAMPTOSORUS. THE ENGLISH FLOWER GARDEN. CARDAMINK. 



loam or soil containing much mortar 

 rubble or the like. 



C. TURBINATA (Turban Bellflower) is a 

 dwarf plant with greyish-green leaves, the 

 flowers borne singly on stems about 6 

 inches long, deep blue, and ij inches 

 across ; a charming plant for choice border 

 or rock culture. Transylvania. 



C. WALDSTEINIANA. A gem-like species 

 from Croatia, and quite unique. Hardy 

 and deciduous, it reaches 4 to 6 inches 

 high at its best, the stems freely furnished 

 with glaucous ovate acutely pointed leaves, 

 each stem terminated by a solitary salver- 

 shaped, azure-blue flower with a base of 

 deepest violet. Happy in rich loam and 

 old mortar rubble. Increased by careful 

 division in spring. 



C, G. F. WILSON. A fine hybrid of C. 

 pulla and C. carpatica that no collection 

 should be without. The cupped flowers 

 are a modification of those of the parents 

 named, and of rich purple colour. Free 

 flowering, vigorous and hardy, it is one 

 of. the most amiable and desirable. 

 Height, 6 inches. June, July. Division. 



CAMPTOSORUS (Walking Leaf). 

 C. rhizophyllus is a curious N. American 

 Fern, remarkable for its narrow fronds, 

 which taper into slender prolongations, 

 and take root at the tips like runners, 

 giving rise to young plants. Thrives 

 in gritty loamy soil in a somewhat 

 shaded position in the rock garden or 

 hardy fernery. 



CANNA (Indian Shot}. Handsome 

 tropical plants of the Ginger order 

 with fine foliage. The tendency of 

 most half-hardy flower garden plants 

 is to flatness, and the grace of the 

 Cannas make them valuable, though 

 our country in many parts is too cool 

 for their fair development ; in the 

 warmer south and in sheltered gardens 

 they may be grown with profit. 

 Another good quality is their power 

 of withstanding the storms of autumn. 

 Sheltered] situations, places near warm 

 walls, and sheltered dells are the best 

 places for them. As to culture and 

 propagation, nothing can be more 

 simple ; they may be stored in winter 

 under shelves in the houses, in the 

 root-room in fact, anywhere, if 

 covered up to protect them from 

 frost, in spring pulling the roots in 

 pieces and potting them separately. 

 Afterwards it is usual to bring them 

 on in heat, and finally to harden 

 them off previous to planting out in 

 the middle of May. The soil should 

 be deep, rich, and light. In cool soils 

 and districts in our country the growth 

 of Cannas is so poor and uncertain that, 



compared with beautiful hardy plants, 

 they are really not worth a place. In 

 my own garden in some seasons they 

 do not begin to move until after 

 midsummer. It is only in warm 

 countries their fine form and abundant 

 and showy flowers can be enjoyed. 



CANNABIS SATIVA (Hemp Plant}. 

 A vigorous annual largely cultivated 

 for its fibre. In our country it is 4 to 

 10 feet high, but in Italy sometimes 

 20 feet high. In plants growing singly 

 the stem is much branched, but in 

 masses is generally simple. It should 

 be sown in the open ground early in 

 April ; to get larger plants it is best 

 to raise it in frames. It loves a warm 

 sandy loam, and is one of the few plants 

 that thrive in small London gardens. 



CARAGANA (Siberian Pea-tree}. 

 A curious group of wiry bushes of the 

 Pea order which, as seen in gardens 

 generally, are not pretty, but as the 

 name occurs so often, and the wretched 

 appearance they usually present may 

 be in part owing to their being grafted, 

 I give them a place. They are mostly 

 rock or desert shrubs of arid regions 

 in Central Asia, and the species are< 

 C. arborescens and its varieties, C. 

 aurantiaca, which is the prettiest, and 

 would perhaps be a graceful rock- 

 shrub, C. chamlagu, C. jubata, C. 

 microphylla, C. pygmcea, and C. 

 spinosa. If we could get these shrubs 

 on their own roots, the best place fon 

 them would be the bold rock garden 

 or dry banks. 



CARBENIA (Blessed Thistle}. C. 

 benedicta is a handsome biennial, 

 having bold, deep green leaves, 

 blotched and marbled with silvery 

 white. It is useful for associating 

 with plants of fine foliage. It grows 

 freely in a thin shrubbery, or on banks 

 of rubbish. S. Europe. Syn. Cnicus 

 benedictus. 



CARDAMINE ( Cuckoo-flower or 

 Lady's Smock}. Plants of the Wall- 

 flower order, few of which arc culti- 

 vated, the best being the native 

 Cuckoo-flower in its double form. 

 This will grow well almost anywhere, 

 although, like the wild plant that 

 colours the meadows with its soft- 

 hued flowers, it delights in swampy 

 ground. Division. C. tri folia is a 

 pretty species, with white flowers, from 

 Switzerland ; 9 to 12 inches high ; a 

 border or rough rock plant. 



The Toothworts (syn. Dentaria}, 

 now included in this genus, arc inter- 



