CARDUNCELLUS. THE ENGLISH FLOWER GARDEN. 



CARPINUS. 381 



esting spring- flowering plants. They 

 grow best in sandy or peaty soils. 

 Their flowers are welcome in early 

 spring, remain some time in beauty, 

 and they are easily increased from 

 the small tuber-like roots. Some, like 

 C. bulbifera (Coral Root), bear bulblets 

 on the stem, and from these the plant 

 may be increased. C. digitata, a hand- 

 some dwarf kind, about 12 inches high, 

 flowers in April ; rich purple, in flat 

 racemes at the top of the stem. C. 

 maxima is the largest of the species, 

 being 2 feet high, with many pale 

 purple flowers, a native of N. America. 

 C. pinnata is a stout kind, pinnate 

 leaves ; from 14 to 20 inches high, 

 flowering from April to June, with 

 large pale purple, lilac, or white flowers 

 in a cluster. 



CARDUNCELLUS PINNATUS. A 

 pretty little alpine plant of the Thistle 

 order, w r ith finely-cut leaves and 

 attractive heads of lilac flowers like a 

 Cornflower. If in strong or rich soils 

 it spreads from the root and becomes 

 rank, but in light dry soils and full 

 sun it makes neat tufts of about 

 8 inches, hardy, and not troublesome. 

 Division. S. Europe. 



CAREX (Sedge). Grass-like herbs 

 of northern and temperate countries, 

 few having a place in the garden. 



C. PANICULATA is a very large Sedge, 



Carpenteria californica in a Sussex garden. 



like a dwarf Tree Fern, with strong thick 

 stems and masses of drooping leaves, 

 forming dense tufts, i to 3 feet high ; 

 flowers in a large and spreading panicle. 

 It is very effective in wet places. The 

 finer specimens are of great age, and are 

 found in the bogs where the plant is wild. 



C. PENDULA. A graceful British Sedge, 

 with evergreen foliage, numerous flowering 

 stems 3 to 6 feet high, the leaves 2 feet or 

 more in length. When in flower the 

 graceful spikes, from 4 to 7 inches long, 

 are pretty, and the plant is useful for 

 shady or moist spots. Common in Britain 

 in evergreen patches in marshy woods. 



C. FRASERI and C. SCAPOSA are pretty 

 evergreen Sedges for shady spots. 



CARPENTERIA CALIFORNICA. 



A lovely hardy shrub for walls in 

 southern districts, 6 to 10 feet high, 

 with long, narrow, pale green leaves, 

 and clusters of large white fragrant 

 flowers. The first account of it in 

 England was from Mr Saul, of Wash- 

 ington, who sent specimens of it to 

 The Garden in 1880. It is nearly 

 related to the Mock Oranges, which it 

 resembles, but is handsomer ; thrives 

 in light warm soil, and increased from 

 suckers, cuttings, or seeds. In cold 

 districts will require the protection of 

 a greenhouse. 



CARPINUS (Hornbeam}. -^C. betulus 

 is a native tree, especially of the south, 

 sometimes attaining a height of 70 feet, 

 frequent in some woodlands, and in 

 Epping Forest. There are several 

 varieties of this tree, such as the fern- 

 leaved, cut-leaved, and purple kinds, 

 and also the never-failing variegated 

 kind. The common kind is often used 

 as a fence plant, and also in many 

 Continental gardens to form green 

 walls and hedges. It is one of the 

 best of all woods to burn, and if we 

 ever go back to the best of all ways 

 of firing for a dwelling-house in the 

 country a wood fire, it should not be 

 forgotten. It is easily lighted, burns 

 cheerfully and equably, and gives a 

 good heat. Other species are C. 

 caroliniana, cordata, japonica, orientals, 

 and Turczaninovii. Three species of 

 Hornbeam are natives of Japan, viz., 

 C. japonica, C. cordata, and C. laxi- 

 flora, the last belonging to the true 

 Hornbeams typified in our native 

 species C. betulus ; the other two to 

 the group which some botanists have 

 made a separate genus. They differ 

 from the ' ' true ' ' Hornbeams in the 

 trunks having a scaling bark, as dis- 

 tinct from the smooth trunks seen in 

 our native species ; also in the bracts 



