COTONEASTER. THE ENGLISH FLOWER GARDEN. COTYLEDON. 413 



flowers white and borne in corymbs ; fruit 

 brilliant and about the size of a Pea. 

 Thibet. 



C. BUXIFOLIA. A free-growing bush 

 that at times attains the height of 6 feet, 

 forming a rather wide-spreading bush, the 

 branches clothed with deep green box-like 

 leaves ; the crimson berries, nestling in 

 profusion among the leaves, are pretty in 

 autumn. 



C. FRANCHETI. An erect-growing 

 handsome shrub, 4 to 5 feet in height, 

 stems at first covered with white hairs, 

 then brown. It flowers in June, white, 

 marked with red on the outside of the 

 petals ; the berries, light orange in colour, 

 appear in September, and last during a 

 great part of the winter. Handsome in 

 form and berry, and likely to be very useful 

 in gardens. Yunnan. 



C. FRIGIDA. A low tree reaching 20 feet 

 or more. During mild winters some of the 

 leaves will be retained throughout the 

 year, while if the weather is very sharp it 

 will become quite bare, the showy fruits 

 being of a bright crimson. If untouched 

 by birds, the berries retain their beauty 

 a long time ; but if the weather be severe, 

 they soon disappear. Mountains of India. 

 It is useful for grouping here and there, 

 its main value, however, being from the 

 beauty of its richly-coloured fruits in 

 autumn. Himalayas. Certain other 

 allied Indian kinds, without being any 

 better in effect than this, such as C. affinis, 

 C. baxilaria, all free-growing, hardy, low 

 trees. 



C. HENRYANA. A sparse-habited ever- 

 green species, reaching 10 to 12 feet high. 

 The finely-pointed leaves are roughish to 

 the touch, dark green above, greyish 

 beneath. Flowers white in June in 

 corymbs. The brownish-crimson fruits 

 are egg-shaped. Good plant for a wall. 

 It is allied to C. salicifolia, and not infre- 

 quently referred to as a form of C. rugosa. 

 C. China. 



C. HORIZONTALS (Plumed C.). In this 

 the branches are frond-like and almost 

 horizontal, while the small leaves are 

 regularly disposed along the thick, sturdy 

 branches. A charm of this species is the 

 manner in which the leaves die off in the 

 autumn ; frequently the leaves will be of 

 a glowing red colour, with the exception of 

 those on the tips of the shoots. The ber- 

 ries are very showy, bright vermilion, and 

 the flowers pretty. China. 



C. MICROPHYLLA (Wall C.). An ever- 

 green clothed with tiny deep green leaves, 

 in spring crowded with whitish blossoms, 

 the berries crimson, and, if untouched, 

 remaining on the plants for a long time. 

 There are some well-marked varieties of 

 C. microphylla. It is useful for sloping 

 banks or like positions, while it will cover 

 a wall with such a dense mass that 

 nothing else can be seen.> Again, in the 

 larger parts of the rock garden a place may 



be found for it ; and its variety congestais, 

 more at home when draping a large stone 

 than in any other way. Himalayas. 



C. PANNOSA. A free and graceful kind, 

 a native of Yunnan, white flower and a 

 woolly calyx, and a red, pear-shaped fruit. 



C. ROTUNDIFOLIA is like the preceding, 

 but with thicker branches and rounder 

 leaves. The berries are of a brighter tint. 

 Both these species may, where a group of 

 the larger Cotoneasters is planted, be used 

 for the outskirts of the clump. 



C. SIMONSII. An erect, woody shrub of 

 medium height, with long slender branches 

 and shoots covered with stiff hair. The 

 blossoms appear at the beginning of July, 

 borne singly, or at most in umbels of twos 

 or fives, white with red stains ; the fruit, 

 bright vermilion. I have found this a 

 poor kind for effect, only useful as an 

 undergrowth, and poor at that. It is 

 much overplanted. 



C. THYMIFOLIA (Thyme Rockspray). A 

 small shrub, bearing the smallest leaf of 

 the family. The shoots, at first covered 

 with soft hairs, soon become smooth and 

 red-brown in colour. The flowers and 

 berries are smaller than those of micro- 

 phylla. Himalayas. 



C. ZABELI. A loose-habited bush of a 

 sub-evergreen character, clothed with 

 ovate, pointed leaves, each about a couple 

 of inches in length. The berries, borne in 

 great profusion, are of a brownish-crimson 

 tint. 



COTYLEDON. As understood by 

 botanists, this now includes the groups 

 long known as Echeveria and Umbili- 

 cus. The first of these is still known 

 so universally under the old name 

 that we have no hesitation in keeping 

 to it in this book, and we have therefore 

 only to deal with the Pennyworts 

 little succulent plants similar to the 

 Houseleeks and once grouped under 

 Umbilicus. They are planted as 

 edgings or in dry places where few 

 other things would live, and even thus 

 the kinds are not all hardy. Four or 

 five sorts are grown : 



C. chrysanthus, a little plant like a small 

 Houseleek, about 4 inches high, with 

 white or creamy-yellow flowers in short 

 panicles. C. sempervivum grows rather 

 taller, its dull green rosettes shaded with 

 brown, and the pink flowers coming as 

 large clusters in early autumn. This 

 kind is most used for carpet-bedding, 

 and the flowers are then carefully pinched 

 out. Kurdistan. C. spinosus is a quaint 

 little plant like a small Apicra or 

 Haworthia, with a rosette of flat, spoon- 

 shaped leaves, each tipped with a spine, 

 and a spike of yellow flowers in early 

 summer. It sometimes reaches a height 

 of 12 inches or more, and is only hardy in 

 dry and sunny places ; in a sharp winter 



