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CYDONIA. THE ENGLISH FLOWER GARDEN. CYPRIPEDIUM. 



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superba, with flowers of a deeper, richer 

 colour than the bright orange-scarlet of 

 the parent. This is a beautiful shrub of 

 prostrate habit, covered with flowers in 

 early May, and pretty again in autumn 

 when loaded with its handsome apple-like 

 fruits. 



C. SINENSIS and C. CATHAYENSIS are 

 kinds ot minor interest seen only in botani- 

 cal collections, but a word may be said as to 

 C. vulgaris, the Common Quince, a native 

 of Europe, which, though grown chiefly 

 for its fruit, is a charming tree for the 

 lawn, especially when old. In spring it 

 bears large bluish-pink flowers, and in 

 autumn is again .attractive with its large 

 golden fruits. The pear-shaped variety 

 is the most ornamental, the branches 

 of well-laden trees sweeping gracefully to 

 the turf. 



FRUITING KINDS. Beside the older 

 varieties of Quince known for generations 

 past, there are now many improved forms. 

 The old Orange Quince, a round-shaped 

 fruit of deep colour, was long the standard 

 American kind, but has now largely given 

 place to Rea's Mammoth, with larger 

 fruits of tender flesh, free from the hardi- 

 ness and harshness of the old Pear Quince. 

 A newer kind, Champion, is also grown in 

 the States. It begins to bear very early 

 and its fruits come a fortnight later than 

 the Orange a useful succession where 

 the winter is not too early. They are 

 apple-shaped, bright yellow, of good 

 quality and rich colour, while 18 ounces 

 is no uncommon weight. Another good 

 late kind much grown for the American 

 market is Meech's Prolific. Other Ameri- 

 can varieties little known in this country 

 are the Fuller Quince, with large pale 

 yellow fruits of soft flesh and fine flavour ; 

 and Van Deman, a seedling from the Portu- 

 gal Quince, with handsome fruits of great 

 size and good quality. A variety thought 

 well of in France is De Bourgeaut, a vigor- 

 ous tree with large rounded fruits of 

 t olden yellow. Nor are the new sorts con- 

 ned to America, for several good ones 

 have been found in S. Europe, such as 

 the Lescovez Quince (from the town of 

 that name, where it has grown for genera- 

 tions), an apple-shaped fruit of immense 

 size and refined flavour, said to be the 

 best of all for marmalade, yielding a clear 

 jelly of rich colour. The tree is of rather 

 weak habit, with small and very dark 

 green leaves. Another kind from the 

 Balkans is the Bereczki Quince (also known 

 as the Vranja, from its native place), a 

 tree of robust growth with large leaves, 

 very free even from a small size in its 

 large golden fruits with a clear shining 

 skin. The Quince De Baden bears large 

 pear-shaped fruits ; Monstrueux de Bazine, 

 fruits of the same shape, but nearly 2 Ibs. 

 in weight and excellent for preserves ; 

 while the Zucker or " Sugar Quince " is a 

 smaller kind from Asia, very sweet and 



good for stewing. Other sorts offered 

 continental growers are the Maskat 

 Quince, the Persian Quince, the Con- 

 stantinople Quince, and the Angers \ this 

 last comes freely from seed, and is that 

 most used for grafting Pears. 



CYNARA (Artichoke). This plant, 

 C. Scolymus, much grown as food, is 

 of noble form and much beauty. Its 

 long, silvery, deeply divided leaves and 

 purplish flower-heads make it useful 

 for pleasure grounds, but it may get 

 killed in hard winters. 



CYPERUS (Galingale}. A water 

 plant of fine form from 2 to 3 feet 

 high, C. longus is crowned by a hand- 

 some, loose, umbellate panicle of 

 chestnut-coloured flower-spikes, at the 

 base of which there are three or more 

 leaves, often i or 2 feet long, the lower 

 ones of a bright shining green arching 

 gracefully. The root-stock is thick and 

 aromatic, and was formerly used much 

 as a tonic. A rare native plant. 



CYPRIPEDIUM (Lady's Slipper). 

 Handsome Orchids, embracing several 

 hardy species, of which the Mocassin- 

 flower (C. spectabile) is the finest culti- 

 vated hardy kind. 



C. ACAULE (Stemless Lady's Slipper). 

 A dwarf species with a naked downy 

 flower-stalk, 8 to 12 inches high, bearing 

 a green bract at the top, flowers early in 

 summer, large, solitary, purplish with a 

 rosy-purple (rarely white) lip, nearly 

 2 inches long, which has a singular closed 

 fissure down its whole length in front. 

 N. America in woods and bogs. Thriving in 

 moist, peaty, or sandy soil. 



C. CALCEOLUS (English Lady's Slipper). 

 The only British species and the largest 

 flowered of our native Orchids, i to i J feet 

 high, flowers in summer, solitary (some- 

 times two) large flowers of a dark brown 

 colour, with an inflated clear yellow lip 

 netted with darker veins, and about i inch 

 in length. N. Europe, and occasionally 

 in the northern counties of England, where, 

 however, it is now almost exterminated. 

 Very ornamental for the rock garden, 

 where it should be planted in sunny 

 sheltered nooks of calcareous soil, or in 

 narrow fissures of limestone rock, in 

 well-drained, rich, fibrous loam, in attJ 

 east aspect. 



C. GUTTATUM (Spotted Lady's Slipper). 

 A beautiful kind, 6 to 9 inches high ; 

 flowers in summer solitary, rather small, 

 white, heavily blotched, with rosy purple. 

 Grows in dense forests amongst the roots 

 of trees in black vegetable mould. Re- 

 quires a half-shady position in leaf-mould, 

 moss, and sand, and not wet in winter, 

 N. Europe and Asia. 



