PYROLA. 



THE ENGLISH FLOWER GARDEN. 



PYRUS. 



663 



off iii pans, and when large enough 

 transferred to open borders, and there 

 they withstand the winter unprotected. 

 New plants should be raised every year, 

 as after flowering the second year the old 

 plants lose their neat compact growth. 



P. TCHICHATCHEWI (Turfing Daisy). 

 A Caucasian plant, retaining its verdure 

 in dry weather on dry banks or slopes 

 where few plants would nourish ; a 

 dwarf creeper, quickly forming a carpet 

 of green. The flowers have white rays 

 and a yellow disc, and in forming turf 

 of the plant in poor dry soils they should 

 be removed, though for the rock garden 

 of the rougher kind or for borders the 

 flowers have some claim to beauty. 



P. ULIGINOSUM (Hungarian Daisy). 

 One of the finest of tall herbaceous plants, 

 and forms tufts 5 to 7 feet in height. 

 These are crowned by lax clusters of 

 pure white flowers, each about twice the 

 size of an Ox-eye Daisy. It is excellent 

 for cutting, and its blossoms are produced 

 late in autumn before the Chrysanthe- 

 mums come in. It is a stately plant for 

 a rich border, and thrives best in deep, 

 moist, loamy soil. It may be natural- 

 ised in damp places. Division. Syn., 

 P. serotinum. Hungary. 



PYROLA (Winter -green). Little 

 evergreen plants of the northern woods 

 and boggy or sandy places, very distinct 

 and attractive both in leaf and flower. 



P. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Larger Winter-green). 

 P. rotundi folia is a rare native plant, 

 6 to 12 inches high, inhabiting woods, 

 shady, bushy, and reedy places. It 

 has leathery leaves, and its erect stems 

 bear long, handsome, and slightly-droop- 

 ing racemes of pure white flowers, rather 

 like a Lily-of-the-Valley, half an inch 

 across, ten or twenty of which are borne 

 on a stem. They have a sweet scent. 

 P. r. arenaria is a very graceful plant, 

 found wild on sandy seashores. It 

 differs from the preceding in being 

 smooth, deep green, and dwarfer, and 

 in having as a rule several empty bracts 

 below the inflorescence. Both the type 

 and its variety are beautiful plants 

 for the shady mossy flanks of the rock 

 garden in free sandy and vegetable soil. 

 They flourish more readily in cultivation 

 than any other species of the family. 

 In America there are varieties with 

 flesh-coloured and reddish flowers, but 

 none of these are in cultivation. P. 

 uni flora, P. media, P. minor, and P. 

 secunda are also interesting British plants, 

 and the first-named is very ornamental, 

 besides being very rare. P. elliptica, a 

 native of N. America, is also found in our 

 gardens, though rarely. Any of the 

 Pyrolas are 'worth growing in thin mossy 

 copses on light sandy vegetable soil, 

 or in moist and half-shady parts of the 

 rock garden or the fernery, where they 



make neat evergreen carpets, flowering 

 in summer. Increase by seeds sown as 

 soon as ripe, or division of the roots 

 in autumn or spring ; this last is a work 

 of care, the plants being somewhat 

 averse to disturbance. 



PYRUS (Pear and Apple). Beauti- 

 ful flowering trees and bushes of which 

 there is now a bewildering number, 

 since botanists have classed all Apples, 

 Pears, and their allies under the one 

 family. Here it will be convenient 

 to adhere to the old classification, 

 which places Pears under Pyrus, 

 Apples under Malus, Beams under Aria, 

 and Mountain Ashes and Service Trees 

 under Sorbus. No one is likely to 

 confuse one with another, and their 

 names are more easily remembered 

 when so classified. These old genera 

 are now placed as sections of Pyrus. 

 The finest flowering trees are those in- 

 cluded under the section Malus, the 

 type of which is the common Crab Apple 

 (M. communis). There is a beautiful 

 flowering variety of the Crab Apple 

 called the Paradise Apple, having large 

 handsome flowers, but it is seldom 

 planted for effect, although in com- 

 mon use as a stock for grafting. The 

 Chinese and Japanese Crab Apples 

 include the finest of our small trees that 

 flower in early summer. The Chinese 

 double-flowered Crab (P. M. spectabilis) 

 is a lovely tree 15 to 25 feet high, with 

 a wide - spreading head of branches 

 abundantly wreathed with large semi- 

 double delicate rose-pink flowers. It 

 is not often met with, except in old 

 gardens. The varieties of P. M. 

 baccata or Berry Apple (so called from 

 its small round fruits) are known as 

 Siberian Crabs. They are graceful in 

 growth, showy in flower, and have 

 highly-coloured fruits,, which add much 

 to the beauty of the garden in autumn. 

 The Japanese Crab (P. M. Toringo) has 

 beautiful flowers and fruits. The 

 flowers are white and pale pink, and the 

 very small fruits are hung on long 

 slender stalks. Of the Toringo Crab 

 there are now several forms, differing 

 in colour of flower and of fruit. It is 

 a small tree, and is a large - spreading 

 bush if the leaders are removed. The 

 finest of the Eastern Crab Apples is 

 the Japanese P. M. floribunda. Fully 

 grown it makes a low tree with a dense 

 wide-spreading head of slender branches 

 loaded every May with a profusion of 

 flowers of a pale pink when expanded, 

 and of a brilliant crimson in the bud, 

 when they are most beautiful. An- 

 other new mild kind from C. Asia is 



