696 



RUBUS. 



THE ENGLISH FLOWER GARDEN. 



RUDBECK1A. 



leaving only the new shoots of the 

 season. 



A few of the small kinds, such as 

 R. arcticus (which grows a few inches 

 high and bears numerous rosy-pink 

 blossoms), the Cloud-berry, R. Chamce- 

 morus (also dwarf and with white 

 blossoms), the Dewberry (R. C&sius), 

 and R. saxatilis, are pretty in partially- 

 shaded spots in the rock garden in 

 moist peaty soil. 



R. GIRALDIANUS. No Bramble in culti- 

 vation produces so striking an effect, in 

 my opinion, as R. giraldianus, named 

 in honour of Giraldi, an Italian, one 

 of the intrepid Jesuit priests in W. China, 

 whence this shrub was introduced by 

 Wilson in 1907. It grows about 7 feet 

 high, the slender, drooping part of the 

 stem being long enough for the tip to 

 reach the ground. Having reached the 

 soil, the tips there form curious thickened 

 ends similar to those so frequent in wild 

 British Brambles, and, taking root, form 

 new plants. 



R. NUTKANUS. This is found from 

 N. California to Nootka Sound, and 

 is rather taller in growth than R. odoratus, 



Rubus nutkanus (the Nootka Sound Raspberry). 



the flowers pure white. They are partial 

 to a moist soil, near the margins of 

 a pond or stream. They are among the 

 best shrubs for the wild garden, where 

 in a short time they spread into large 

 masses if in good soil and partial shade. 



R. ODORATUS. With large-lobed leaves, 

 and from June till August large clusters 

 of rich purple flowers. It may be used 

 in the rougher parts of the rock garden, 

 or in the wild garden, and is very hardy. 

 Like the garden Raspberry, it sends 

 up strong annual shoots, which in rich 

 soils reach 6 feet, bearing scented leaves, 

 the leaves and not the flowers being fra- 

 grant. There is no finer shrub for 

 planting under the shade of large trees 

 where the soil is not too full of roots. 



R. SPECTABILIS (The Salmon Berry). 

 Has flowers of a bright red and very 

 early. It is best in the rougher parts 

 of the rock garden or for the wild garden, 



and grows well under trees or in under- 

 wood. N.W. America. 



RUDBECKIA ( Cornflower}. N. 

 American plants, with showy yellow 

 flower-heads, usually with a dark 

 central cone, making striking plants 

 for the hardy border, flowering in late 

 summer and autumn. 



R. CALIFORNICA. Largest in size of 

 flower and cone, the flower being often 

 about 6 inches across, and the cone 

 2 inches high ; leaves, flower-stalks, and 

 roots are equally robust. The flowers 

 come early in July ; they have few and 

 horizontal rays, and are solitary on the 

 stalks, their size making up for their small 

 number, and the whole plant having a 

 majestic appearance, with its broad, 

 plantain-like leaves. 



R. HIRTA. By Asa Gray said to be 

 " annual or biennial," and it certainly 

 requires frequent renewal from seed. 

 Two-year-old plants begin to flower early 

 in June, and continue gay through sum- 

 mer. It is well to select the largest and 

 most golden flowers for seed. This species 

 always attracts notice in my garden from 

 the bright colour of the rays and the good 

 contrast of the black cone. 



R. LACINIATA. Tallest of the Cone- 

 flowers, 7 to 10 feet high. The leaves 

 are unevenly divided into narrow ribbons, 

 or cut into larger lobes, different indi- 

 viduals varying much in leafage. The 

 flower is large, the rays curved downwards 

 so as nearly to touch the stalk, and the 

 cone is greenish. Plants live many 

 years without spreading much, but are 

 easily divided, and self-sown seedlings 

 come up round if the seed escapes the 

 green linnets and chaffinches, which 

 delight to eat it. 



R. MAXIMA. A handsome plant 6 or 

 7 feet high, having flowers densely set 

 with broad golden rays produced in 

 August and September. The large glau- 

 cous oval and entire leaf at once distin- 

 guishes it from others of the genus. 

 Native of the warmer States of America. 



R. NITIDA. The general habit of this is 

 that of R. laciniata, but the leaves are less 

 incised than in any of that species ; the 

 flowers, though smaller in outline, are 

 more regular and plentiful, and have 

 broader and more golden rays. They 

 begin to open when R. laciniata is over, 

 and continue into November. 



R. PINNATA. Flowers from July until 

 hard frosts overpower it. It is not a 

 long-lived plant, getting too hard and 

 woody at the base to continue to break 

 well, so it is better to keep a few seedlings 

 on hand. Seed is abundantly produced 

 and easily raised. Grows from 4 to 5 

 feet. 



R. PURPUREA. In this distinct Cone- 

 flower the ray florets are of a reddish or 

 rose-purple hue, and the flowers are fully 



