108 Guide to the Invertehrata. 



Corals. form regular reefs. The specimens occur in massive limestones, 

 GALLERY and have to be studied in polished sections, some of which are of 

 West Side g^^'^^ beauty. The examples of Pachypora cervicornis in the black 

 •^all- limestone of Newton Bushel, Smithia Pengellyi in the pink and 

 cases 1-6, grey reefs of Barton, and the massive Cyathophyllum helianthoides 

 cases 1-10. ^° ^^^ ^"^^ rocks of Torquay and Plymouth, are especially worthy 

 of notice. 



The Carboniferous fauna is the last of those of the Palseozoic 

 type ; it includes forms such as Stenopora and Monticulipora, which 

 are probably Bryozoa, and others such as Chcetetes, referred with 

 some doubt to the Alcyonaria. The four dominant genera are 

 Table- Syringopora, Lilhostrotion, Lonsdaleia, and Zaphrentis. The general 

 cases series of corals of this period is shown in Table-cases 4 and 5, 



In the latter there is a typical series of specimens of Syringopora 

 and Choitetes. Beside this is the interesting species Monilopora 

 crassa, growing in crinoid stems, in which it occasions great 

 deformities. On the other side of this table-case we find the simple 

 cylindrical corals of the genera Amplexus and Campophyllum ; 

 the former is of interest owing to the reduction of the septa, 

 which is compensated for by the great development of 

 horizontal divisions — the ** tabulae." The size which specimens 

 of Campophyllum attain is shown by a specimen (R, 2277) from 

 "Weston-super-Mare in a case on the wall, while below this is a fine 

 slab of Bihunophyllum from Durham. The remainder of Table- 

 case 5 is occupied by specimens of Lonsdaleia and Lithostrotion, 

 the latter of which extends into the next case. The prismatic 

 columnar corallites of Lithostrotion lasaltiforme are shown in this 

 series; but reference should be made to Wall-case 4 for some 

 large blocks of Lithostrotion irregulare from Fermanagh. In the 

 same case occur some polished slabs of Cij^thophyllum regium 

 from Bristol. 



The next coral fauna represented in the British islands is that 

 of the Lias, which is the earliest of the Jurassic faunas. This 

 shows that a great change has come over coral-life. The 

 Syringopora, Cyathophyllum, Zaphrentis, and Lithostrotion, in fact 

 all the types of the Palaeozoic faunas, have disappeared, and are 

 replaced by normal representatives of existing families and genera, 

 such as Isastraa and Montlivaltia (Eig. 164). The collections 

 from the Inferior Oolite are richer, and the representatives of 

 modern genera are increased by Fungians, such as Thamnastrm \ 



