PARASITES OF ANIMALS. 25 



tacks men in the same way, forming painful tumors beneath 

 the skin. The same or a similar species also infests the dogs 

 in the tropical parts of America. 



Several peculiar species of Hypoderma live beneath the skin 

 of the moose, elk, and other species of the deer family. These 

 animals are also infested by several species of the genus 

 CepTienomya, which live in the larval state in the throat, or at 

 the root of the tongue. 



The goat is attacked by a species of Hypoderma, which 

 makes tumors under the skin, and by a species of (Estrus, 

 that enters the frontal sinuses, and has the same habits as the 

 common species of the sheep ; but these two species have not 

 been determined and are little known. The camel is infested 

 by the larvse of Cephalomya maculata Wd., which lives in. the 

 nasal cavities, like the larvae of the sheep-bot. Even the ele- 

 phant and rhinoceros have their peculiar parasites of this 

 kind. The latter is attacked by a bot-fly, allied to that of the 

 horse, which lives in the stomach in its larval state. 



Bot-fly of the Horse (Grastrophilus equi). Figures 25, 26. 



The " bots " of horses are the larvae of several species of 

 flies, belonging to the genus called Gf-astrophilus. The largest 

 and most common kind is Gr. equi, the female of which is 

 represented in Figure 25. This species is very hairy, and has 

 dark spots on the wings. The eyes are black and distant ; the 

 top of the head is brown, the front whitish ; the thorax is brown, 

 with a darker brown or blackish central spot ; the abdomen is 

 brown with the transverse divisions and spots blackish. The 

 male has a rounder or broad-oval abdomen, which is browner. 

 This fly lays its eggs by preference upon the hairs about the 

 knees of horses, especially on the inside ; it also frequently at- 

 taches them to the hairs of the side and back part of the shoul- 

 der, and occasionally to the tips of the hairs of the mane. These 

 eggs are of considerable size, of a long oval form, pointed at 

 one end and blunt at the other, and adhere firmly by one 

 side. They may easily be seen and can be removed either 

 by thorough washing and brushing, or by cutting the hairs 

 off with scissors. A wash of carbolic acid soap has been re- 

 commended to destroy them. Sometimes 500 or more may 

 4 



