OF THE MOUTH. 161 



foregoing : the three terminations are sometimes obtuse 

 lobes, sometimes long setiform processes. A quadrifid 

 ligula or ligula quadrifida, is when it has four distinct 

 terminations ; this ligula has usually the appearance of 

 having really but three lobes, with the central lobe deeply 

 cleft. A setiform ligula or ligula 

 setiformis, is when the central lobe u4 



of a trifid ligula is very long, slen- 

 der, and pliable; the lateral lobes 

 being very small, or merely rudi- 

 mental : these small lateral lobes 

 have been called paraglossce. A 

 palpiform ligula or ligula palpi- 

 formis, is bilobed or quadrilobed; 

 and the two or four lobes, as the Lower Lip of a Bee. 

 case maybe, are jointed in the same manner as the feelers. 



The tongue or lingua, is usually attached to the inner 

 surface of the lower lip, very near its base. In the locust 

 the tongue is very prominent and remarkable, assuming 

 nearly the form of the human tongue : in some bees it is 

 distinguishable, but not prominent : in most insects it is 

 difficult to be found : the tongue has also been called epi- 

 pharynx. 



The feeler-jaws or maxilla, o, are situated immediately 

 above the lower lip. They have great variety of form and 

 motion, but are at once to be distinguished from the 

 mandibles by the possession of feelers ; they are divided 

 by sutural lines into four parts, the insertion, the disk or 

 stalk, the feeler-bearer, and the blade : they also bear the 

 helmet and maxillary feelers. The insertion or insertio, 01, 

 is mostly hidden by the neighbouring portions of the skull 

 when the maxilla is at rest ; but, on the least motion, a 

 portion of it becomes visible on each side of the lower 

 lip ; it is of a softer and more cartilaginous substance than 



M 



