86 THE SCHOOL BOOK OF FORESTRY 



of a neighboring town or city threatens, or if 

 floods or erosion become serious due to fire or 

 overgrazing of the land, the range is closed to 

 live-stock and allowed to recuperate. Where arti- 

 ficial planting is practiced, grazing is often 

 forbidden until the young trees get a good start. 



The total receipts which Uncle Sam collects 

 from the 30,000 or more stockmen who graze 

 their cattle and sheep on the National Forests 

 amount to nearly $2,500,000 annually. As a 

 result of the teachings of the Forest Service, the 

 stockmen are now raising better livestock. Im- 

 proved breeding animals are kept in the herds 

 and flocks. Many of the fat stock now go directly 

 from the range to the market. Formerly, most 

 of the animals had to be fed on corn and grain 

 in some of the Middle Western States to flesh 

 them for market. Experiments have been car- 

 ried on which have shown the advantages of 

 new feeding and herding methods. The ranchers 

 have banded together in livestock associations, 

 which cooperate with the Forest Service in man- 

 aging the forest ranges. 



It costs about $ 5 to sow one acre of ground to 

 tree seed, and approximately $10 an acre to set 

 out seedling trees. The seed is obtained from 



