DOMESTIC VENTILATION. 01) 



on the ground-floor (on the north side, if possible), should be 

 a chamber heated by flues, hot air, steam, a suitable stove, or 

 water-pipes, and with one adjustable opening communicating 

 with the outer fresh air, and another on the opposite side con- 

 nected by a shaft or airway with the hall of the ground-floor 

 and the general staircase. 



Each room to have an opening at its upper part communicat- 

 ing with the chimney, like an Arnott's ventilator, and capable 

 of adjustment as regards area of aperture, and other openings 

 of corresponding or excessive combined area leading from the 

 hall or staircase to the lower part of the room. These may be 

 covered with perforated zinc or wire gauze, so that the air 

 may enter in a gentle, broken stream. 



All the outer house-doors must be double i.e. with a porch 

 or vestibule and only one of each pair of doors opened at 

 once. These should be well fitted, and the staircase air-tight. 

 The kitchen to communicate with the rest of the house by 

 similar double doors, and the kitchen fire to communicate 

 directly with the upcast shaft or chimney by as small a stove- 

 pipe as practicable. The kitchen fire will thus start the upcast 

 and commence the draught of air from the warm chamber 

 through the house toward the several openings into the shaft. 

 In cold weather this upcast action will be greatly reinforced 

 and maintained by the general warmth of all the air in the 

 house, which itself will bodily become an upcast shaft im- 

 me-diately the inner temperature exceeds that of the air out- 

 side. 



But the upcast of warm air can only take place by the admis- 

 sion of fresh air through the heating chamber, thence to^ hall 

 and staircase, and thence onward through the rooms into the 

 final shaft or chimney. 



The openings into and out of the rooms being adjustable, 

 they may be so regulated that each shall receive an equal 

 share of fresh warm air ; or, if desired, the bedroom chimney 

 valves may be closed in the daytime, and thus the heat econ- 

 omized by being used only for the day rooms ; or vice versa, 

 the communication between the upcast shaft and the lower 

 rooms may be closed in the evening, and thus all the warm air 

 be turned into the bedrooms at bedtime. 



If the area of the entrance apertures of the rooms exceeds 

 that of the outlet, only the latter need be adjusted ; the room 

 doors may, in fact, be left wide open without any possibility 

 of " draught," beyond the ventilation current, which is limited 



