INTELLIGENCE AND CHARACTER 327 



actions of mankind the work of government would 

 be assisted. 



The objection I am considering, however, only 

 forms part of a general attitude towards the whole 

 question of the practical value of science. I do not 

 suppose that there is a single proposal for the 

 utilisation of science to which this kind of objection 

 does not apply. Doing work properly must always 

 at first demand a larger amount of time and trouble ; 

 the increased time and trouble in the first instance, 

 however, will pay in the long run. There is no 

 question whatever that many of our costly wars 

 with subject-peoples have been the direct conse- 

 quence of ignorance. The question whether we 

 should spend time and money now in order to 

 prevent the wasteful expenditure of a much larger 

 amount of time and money in the future only forms 

 part of the more general question whether we are 

 going to continue to govern our Empire on the 

 lines of opportunism and "muddling through," or 

 whether we are going to face the situation and 

 recognise that the time for such policies is past. 



The British Empire has been built up by character 

 rather than by intelligence. The great success of 

 this mode of growth in the past should not blind 

 us to its insufficiency for the future. The policy 

 now advocated is not that character shall be 

 replaced by intelligence, but that intelligence shall 

 not be neglected, even despised, in the future as it 

 has been in the past. The qualities needed to 



