ig6 SCIENTIFIC FEEDING OF ANIMALS 



stuffs in the form of cakes or meals, are liable to be 

 adulterated, and not only is the rubbish left after 

 cleaning added, but use is also made of those 

 adulterants mentioned under milling refuse. Valu- 

 able oil cakes and meals are not infrequently mixed 

 with the cheaper poppy and rape cakes, and even 

 poisonous substances, such as castor bean meal and 

 charlock seeds, are sometimes added. Cakes that 

 have become mouldy or otherwise damaged are 

 occasionally reground, heated, and pressed again 

 into cakes. 



Many residues from oil mills, particularly those 

 from palm- and cocoa-nuts, easily become rancid and 

 in this condition cause inflammation of the digestive 

 organs or damage the quality of the milk and butter. 

 Mouldy and rotten oil cakes are a most dangerous 

 food, because, being rich in protein, they undergo 

 decomposition, with the formation of very poison- 

 ous substances similar to those found in putrefying 

 flesh. Oil cakes are broken into small pieces before 

 being fed, and they, like oil meals, are given dry, 

 mixed with other food-stuffs, to horses, cattle, 

 sheep, or else slightly moistened and given a short 

 time before the usual feeding time. Undamaged 

 oil cakes and meals do not need to be cooked or 

 scalded for feeding pigs. 



Cotton-seed meal is found in many different 

 qualities in commerce, the chief differences being 

 between that made from seeds, the hulls of which 



