222 SCIENTIFIC FEEDING OF ANIMALS 



dead or poisoned animals, refuse from slaughter- 

 houses, spoiled, preserved, or pickled meat, rotten 

 fish, and waste flesh of all kinds. The carcasses, 

 etc., are heated with superheated steam in large 

 drums containing revolving knives, and the heating 

 and mincing continued until a dry powder is left. 

 Glue and fat which are drawn from the drums are 

 obtained as by-products. It cannot be denied that 

 in this process all is done that it is possible to do to 

 destroy the germs of infection and to prevent a 

 subsequent contamination with such germs. This 

 " carcass " meal has already been in use a few years, 

 and no injurious effects have so far been reported; 

 unfortunately it is not infrequently sold as Liebig's 

 meat meal, and at the price of the latter. Compared 

 to this the carcass meal leaves much to be desired, 

 for, in consequence of the bones, and remains of 

 food and dung, it is poorer in protein. In conse- 

 quence also of the heating which the carcass meal 

 has undergone, it is less digestible and richer in non- 

 protein nitrogenous substances than the meat meal. 

 Horses, oxen, and sheep either refuse to eat it or 

 else do so reluctantly, but swine consume it readily. 

 Fish meal is a food manufactured from fish, or 

 fish refuse, by heating the material with superheated 

 steam to free it as far as possible from fat, and then 

 drying, grinding and sifting the resulting powder. A 

 fish meal richer in fat is also made from unsound fish 

 by a process similar to that used in the preparation of 



