348 SCIENTIFIC FEEDING OF ANIMALS 



butter hard and tallowy, and such are pasture 

 grass in autumn, grasses from sour soils, either green 

 or in hay, over-ripe green fodder, hay that has been 

 harvested too late, straw of various kinds, mangels, 

 kohl-rabi, leaves of sugar beets and mangels, beet 

 slices, potatoes, ground peas and vetches, palm- 

 nut and cocoa-nut meals, linseed and cotton-seed 

 cakes. 



Butter is often too soft when the following have 

 been fed : crushed oats and maize, wheat bran, 

 rice meal, rape, sesame and sunflower-seed cakes. 



The effect of these feeding-stuffs depends naturally 

 upon the quantities which are used and is not always 

 apparent, particularly when the influence of the 

 other foods in the ration acts in the opposite direc- 

 tion. In any case, a butter which is too hard may 

 be improved by feeding with some rape cake, rice 

 meal, or ground maize, whilst one that is too soft 

 may be hardened by means of palm-nut or cocoa- 

 nut cakes. 



When a large quantity of very watery food 

 has been used for some time a poor, thin milk may 

 be obtained. Thus it was noticed in the case of a 

 ration which, as regards the nutritive value, left 

 nothing to be desired, but which was composed of 

 50 litres (n gals.) potato slump, 21 kg. (46 Ibs.) 

 wet brewers' grains, and 40 kg. (88 Ibs.) mangels, 

 that the milk of the whole herd only averaged 2-10 

 and 2-45% fat, whereas the animals had previously 



