SEEDLINGS. 



[SECTION 3, 



two cotyledons even in a Pine-embryo, but these divided or split up con. 

 genitally so as to imitate a greater number. But as leaves are often in 

 whorls on ordinary stems, they may be so at the very beginning. 



40. Monoootyledorous (meaning with 

 single cotyledon) is the j lame of the one-coty- 



/ledoned sort of embry). This goes along (f\ 

 with peculiarities in stem, leaves, and flowers ; i 

 which all together asso- ;iate such plants into 

 a great class, called MONOCOTYLEDONOUS 

 PLANTS, or, for shortness, MONOCOTYLS. It 

 means merely that the leaves are alternate 

 from the very first. 



41. In Iris (Fig. 58, 59) the embryo in 

 the seed is a small cylinder at one end of the 

 mass of the albumen, with no apparent dis- 

 tinction of parts. The end which almost 

 touches the see{-coat is caulicle; the other 

 end belongs tc the solitary cotyledon. In 



germination the whole lengthen? (but mainly the 

 cotyledon) only enough to push the proximate 

 end fairly out of the seed : from this end the root 

 is formed ; and from a little higher the plumule 

 later emerges. It would appear, therefore, that 

 the cotyledon answers to a miaute leaf rolled up, 

 and that a chink through 'vhich the plumule 

 grows out is a part of the w rolled edges. The 

 embryo of Indian Cora shows these parts on a 

 larger scale and in a more open state (Fig. 66- 

 68). There, in the seed, the cotyledon remains, 

 imbibing nourishment from rhe softened albu- 

 men, and transmitting it to xhe growing root 

 below and new-forming leaves above. 



42. The general plan is the stme in the Onion (Fig. 60-65), but witn 

 a striking difference. The embryo is long, and coiled in the albumen of the 

 seed. To ordinary examination it shows no distinction of parts. But 

 germination plainly shows that all except the lower end of it is cotyledon. 

 For after it has lengthened into a long thread, the chink from which the 



Fia. 56. Section of a Pine-seed, showing its polycotyledonous embryo in the 

 centre of the albumen; moderately magnified. 57. Seedling of same, showing the 

 freshly expanded six cotyledons in a whorl, and the plumule just appearing. 



Fig. 58. Section of a seed of the Iris, or Flower-de-Luce, enlarged, showing its 

 small embryo in the albumen, near the bottom. 59. A germinating seedling of the 

 same, its plumule developed into the first four leaves (alternate), the first one 

 rudimentary i the cotyledon remains in the seed. 



Fio. 60. Section of an Onion-seed, showing the slender and coiled embryo in the 

 albumen i moderately magnified. 61. Seed of same in early germination. 



