ROSE FAMILY. 159 



roundish smooth leaflets, and small early flowers, either single or double, 

 and white, pink, and even yellow, the hips cartilaginous, roundish, and 

 dark purple. 



R. Eglanteria, Linn. YELLOW EGLANTINE ROSE. Like a Sweetbrier, 

 but lower, 3-5 high, with scattered, straight prickles ; leaves deep 

 green and sweet scented ; flowers deep yellow, orange, or buff, and some- 

 times variegated with red, either single or double. The AUSTRIAN BRIER, 

 and the PERSIAN YELLOW and HARRISON'S YELLOW are forms of this 

 (var. LUTEA). 



R. su/phurea, Ait. The old YELLOW ROSE, from the far East. Tall, 

 with scattered prickles, glaucous or pale scentless leaves, and sulphur- 

 yellow (full-double) flowers in summer. 



R. rugosa, Thunb. JAPANESE ROSE. Spreading bush, very densely 

 clothed with long, stout, and straight spines ; leaflets 7-11, round-ovate, 

 thick, dark green above and tomentose below, coarsely toothed, the stipules 

 leafy ; flowers large and mostly single, white or red ; the calyx lobes 

 1' or 2 f long, and tomentose, persistent on the very large, nearly globular, 

 orange-red hip. 



18. CRAT.ffiGUS, HAWTHORN, WHITETHORN. (Greek: 

 strength, from the hard wood.) Small trees or shrubs, with hard 

 wood; flowers white, except in some varieties of English Hawthorn, 

 in spring or early summer ; ripening the red or reddish fruit mostly 

 in autumn. (Lessons, Fig. 273.) 



1. Flowers many in the corymb, small, with 5 styles; fruit not larger 

 than small peas, scarlet or coral-red / leaves, etc., smooth, or nearly so. 



C. Pyracdntha, Pers. EVERGREEN THORN. Planted for ornament and 

 sparingly nat. from S. Penn. S. (from S. Eu.) ; shrub 4-6, with the 

 shining evergreen leaves lance-spatulate and crenulate, only 1' long, and 

 small clusters of flowers terminating short branches. 



C. spathulata, Michx. Tall shrub or low tree, from Va. S., with 

 almost evergreen, shining, spatulate leaves, crenate towards the apex, or 

 on vigorous shoots, cut-lobed, and with hardly any petiole. 



C. cordata, Ait. WASHINGTON T. Small tree, from Va. and Ky. S., 

 and has been planted for hedges ; has broadly triangular-ovate or heart- 

 shaped, thinnish leaves, often 3-5- cleft or cut and serrate, on slender 

 petiole. 



2. Flowers many in the corymb, middle-sized; fruit coral-red, ovoid, 

 rather small ; styles 1-5. 



C. viridis, Linn, (or C. ARBORESCENS). River banks far S. ; tree 'with 

 few stout thorns or none ; thin, oblong serrate leaves, acute at both ends, 

 on slender petioles ; styles 5. 



C. Oxyacdntha, Linn. ENGLISH HAWTHORN. Planted from Eu. for 

 ornament and hedges ; tree or shrub with o'bovate, smooth leaves, wedge- 

 shaped at base, cut-lobed and toothed above ; styles 2 or 3, rarely only 1. 

 With single or double, white, rose, or pink-red flowers. 



C. apiif61ia, Michx. Common S. Small tree, soft-downy when 

 young ; the leaves smoothish with age, pinnatifid, the 5-7 lobes crowded, 

 cut and toothed ; petioles slender ; styles 1-3. 



3. Flowers many in the corymb, large ; the calyx-teeth with the bracts 

 and stipules often beset-with glands ; fruit edible, half an inch or more 

 long, its cells or stones and the styles variable in number, 1-5. All 

 tall shrubs or low trees, of thickets and rocky banks, or planted. 



C. cocclnea, Linn. SCARLET-FRUITED T. Smooth, with the leaves 

 thin, roundish- ovate, sharply cut-toothed or lobed, on slender petioles, 



