214 MADDER FAMILY. 



monly distinct, more or less elongated peduncles ; corolla tube broadly 

 funnel-shaped. 



D. floribunda, Sieb. & Zucc. (D. VERSICOLOR and D. MULTiFL,6A). 



Calyx teeth linear ; corolla tube narrowly funnel-shaped ; flowers brown- 

 ish or at first greenish, becoming purplish ; leaves villous ; ovary and calyx 

 hairy. 



LVIII, RUBIACE^l, MADDER FAMILY. 



Like the preceding family, but with stipules between the 

 opposite (or sometimes ternately whorled) entire leaves, or 

 else (as in Galium) the leaves whorled without stipules. 

 Fruit a capsule or berry. An immense family in the tropics, 

 and here represented by several wild and a few commonly 

 cultivated species. The CINCHONA or PERUVIAN BARK trees 

 belong here ; also COFFEE, of which the best known species is 

 COFFEA ARABIC A, a shrub or small tree, sometimes cult, in 

 conservatories, with smooth and glossy oblong leaves, bearing 

 fragrant white flowers 'in their axils, followed by the red . 

 berries, containing the pair of seeds. 



* Leaves opposite, with stipules ; ovules numerous in each cell. 

 -<- Low herbs. 



1. HOUSTONIA. Corolla salver-form or funnel-form, the 4 lobes valvate in the bud. 



Stamens 4. Style 1 : stigmas 2. Pod short, 2-celled, the upper part rising more or 

 less free from the 4-lobed calyx, opening across the- top, and ripening rather few 

 (4-20 in each cell) saucer-shaped or thimble-shaped pitted seeds. Stipules short and 

 entire, sometimes a mere margin connecting the bases of the opposite leaves. Flowers 

 more or less dimorphous. 



2. OLDENLANDIA. Like Houstonia, but corolla mostly wheel-shaped, and the seeds 



angular and very numerous. 



-H +- Shrubs or trees. 



8. PINCKNEYA. Flowers in a terminal compound cyme. Calyx with 5 lobes, 4 of 

 them small and lanceolate, the fifth often transformed into a large bright rose- 

 colored leaf. Corolla hairy, with a slender tube and 5 oblong-linear recurving lobes. 

 Stamens 5, protruding. Fruit a globular 2-celled pod, filled with very many thin- 



4. GARDENIA. Flowers solitary at the end of the branches or nearly so, large, very 



fragrant. Calyx with 5 or more somewhat leaf-like lobes. Corolla funnel-shaped or 

 salver-shaped, with 5 or more spreading lobes convolute in the bud, and as many 

 linear anthers sessile in its throat. Style 1 ; stigma of 2 thick lobes. Fruit fleshy, 

 surmounted by the calyx lobes, ribbed down the sides, many-seeded. 



5. BOUVARDIA. Flowers in clusters at the end of the branches. Calyx with 4 slender 



lobes. Corolla with a long and slender or somesvhat trumpet-shaped tube, and 4 

 short, spreading lobes, valvate in the bud. Anthers 4, almost sessile in the throat. 

 Style 1 ; stigma of 2 flat lips. Pod small, globular, 2-celled. Seeds wing-margined. 

 * * Leaves opposite or in 3's or 4's, with stipules ; ovule solitary in each cell. 

 -i- Low herbs or creepers, with narrow funnel form or salver-form corolla, its lobes 

 (valvate in the bud) and the stamens 4. 



6. DIODIA. Flowers 1-3, sessile in the axils of the narrow leaves. Stipules sheathing, 



dry, fringed with long bristles. Ovary 2- (rarely 3-), celled, in fruit splitting into 2 

 hard and dry closed nutlets. Calyx teeth 2-5, often unequal. 



