DOGBANE FAMILY. 283 



or lance- oblong pointed leaflets, either pale or downy beneath ; and rather 

 short fruit with a terete marginless body and a lanceolate or wedge-linear 

 wing. 



F. pub^scens, Lam. RED ASH. Common E. and S. ; known by its 

 velvety-pubescent young shoots and leafstalks, and fruit with its flattish 

 2-edged seed-bearing body acute at the base, the edges gradually dilated 

 into the lance-linear or oblanceolate wing. 



F. viridis, Michx. GREEN ASH. Glabrous throughout, with leaves 

 bright green on both sides ; fruit much as in the last ; a small tree, most 

 common W. and S. 



w +* Fruit flat and winged all round; leaflets mostly green both sides and 

 serrate. 



F. quadrangulata, Michx. BLUE ASH. Large forest tree W., yield- 

 ing valuable wood ; with square branchlets, 5-9 ovate veiny leaflets on 

 short stalks, and narrowly oblong fruits. 



F. platycrpa, Michx. CAROLINA WATER ASH. River swamps, Va., 

 S. ; small tree, with terete branchlets, 5-7 ovate or oblong short-stalked 

 leaflets acute at both ends, and broadly winged (sometimes 3-winged) 

 fruits, oblong with a tapering base. 



- f- Lateral leaflets sessile ; calyx absent ; fruit winged all round. 



F. sambucif6lia, Lain. BLACK ASH. Small tree in swamps N., S. 

 to Va. and Mo,, with tough wood separable in layers, used for hoops and 

 coarse baskets ; the bruised leaves with the scent of Elder ; smooth ; 

 leaflets 7-11, sessile on the main stalk, oblong-lanceolate tapering to a 

 point ; calyx none, at least in the fertile flowers ; fruits linear-oblong. 



F. excelsior, Linn. ENGLISH or EUROPEAN ASH. Hardy fine tree, 

 with bright green, lance-oblong, serrate leaflets ; fruit flat, linear-oblong. 

 The WEEPING ASH is a variety or sport of this. 



LXXII. APOCYNACEJ1, DOGBANE FAMILY. 



Herbaceous or woody plants, known mainly by the milky 

 acrid juice, opposite (sometimes whorled) simple and entire 

 leaves, without stipules, and regular monopetalous flowers 

 with 5's in the calyx, corolla, and stamens, the lobes of the 

 corolla convolute or twisted in the bud, the anthers conniving 

 around the stigma or often adhering somewhat to it, ordinary 

 pollen, filaments separate, the 2 free ovaries commonly sepa- 

 rate, but often the styles and always the stigmas, united into 

 one. The ovaries also are often united into one, the juice in 

 several (as of Periwinkle and Oleander) is not at all or slightly 

 milky, and one of our genera has alternate leaves. Some are 

 ornamental in cultivation ; many are acrid poisonous. There 

 is commonly a ring, membrane, or other appendage on the 

 style below the stigma, to which the anthers are apt to adhere. 



Shrubs cult, for ornament, natives of warm climates ; leaves often whorled. 



1. ALLAMANDA. Corolla large, yellow, with short tube abruptly expanded Into cylindrical 

 bell-shaped or funnel-form, the 5 lobes broad and rounded. Stamens at the summit 



