BORAGE FAMILY. 301 



6. WIGANDIA. {John Wigand, a bishop of Pomerania.) Rank 

 hispid greenhouse herbs, sometimes used in the open for tropical 

 effects. Trop. Amer. 



W, macrophy/fa, Schlecht. & Cham. Leaves ovate-cordate, hairy- 

 tomentose, rusty above, rather obtuse, toothed ; flowers lilac in a terminal 

 panicle with alternate branches ; capsule deusely hairy-canescent. 10. 



W. tirens, Choisy. Of looser habit, the leaves somewhat acute and 

 longer-petioled, white-tomentose beneath, the petioles shaded with red; 

 flowers violet, in one-sided scirpoid spikes ; capsule hispid. 6. 



LXXVIIL BORRAGINACE^E, BORAGE FAMILY. 



Mostly rough or rough.-h.airy plants, known from all related 

 monopetalous orders by having a deeply 4-lobed ovary, or 

 apparently 4 ovaries around the base of a common style, each 

 1-ovuled, ripening into akenes or nutlets, along with regular 

 flowers (Echium excepted), stamens as many as the lobes of 

 the corolla (5) and alternate with them, and alternate (mostly 

 entire) leaves. In the Heliotrope tribe, however, the ovary is 

 not lobed, but the fruit at maturity separates into 2 or 4 

 nutlets. Stigmas 1 or 2. Embryo filling the seed ; no albu- 

 men. Mowers disposed to be on one side of the stem or 

 branches, or of the branches of cymes, the raceme-like clusters 

 coiled at the end and straightening as the flowers expand. 

 Herbage not aromatic ; juice commonly bitterish, often some- 

 what mucilaginous. Koots of several are red and used for dye. 



I. Ovary not divided, but tipped with the simple style, the 

 fruit when ripe separating into 2 or 4 closed pieces or nutlets. 



1. HELIOTEOPIUM. Corolla short funnel-form or salver-shaped, the open throat (con- 



stricted in one species) more or less plaited. Anthers nearly sessile, included. Style 

 short ; stigma conical or capitate. Ovary 4-celled, in fruit splitting into 4 nutlets, 

 or into 2 two-celled nutlets. Flowers small, in one-sided single or cymose-clustered 

 spikes, mostly bractless. 



II. Ovary deeply 4-parted, the style arising from the 

 center between them. Ours are all herbs. 



* Corolla and stamens regular. 

 +- Nutlets variously spiny or armed when mature. 



2. CTNOGLOSSUM. Corolla between short funnel-form and wheel-shaped, the tube 



about the length of the rounded lobes ; throat closed by the blunt scales. Nutlets 

 bur-like, oblique on the expanded base of the style, to which they are fixed by their 

 apex, roughened all over with short barbed or hooked prickles. Coarse and strong- 

 scented plants, with racemed flowers, the lower sometimes bracted, otherwise 

 bractless. 



8. ECHINOSPERMUM. Corolla with tube as short as the rounded lobes, the throat 

 closed with short rounded scales- Nutlets erect, fixed to the central column or base 



