462 SCREW PINE FAMILY. 



lower and thicker part of slender-stalked ovaries tapering into a style and below sur- 

 rounded by numerous club-shaped bristles, which form the copious down of the fruit. 

 2. SPAKGANIUM. Flowers collected in separate dense heads, scattered along the summit 

 of the leafy stem ; the upper ones of stamens only with some minute scales inter- 

 posed, the lower of pistils, each ovary with a few small scales at its base, the whole 

 ripening into a spherical head of small nuts, which are wedge-shaped below and with 

 a pointed tip. 



1. TYPHA, CAT-TAIL FLAG. (Greek, for fen, in which these 

 plants abound. ) Flowers early summer. 



T. latifdlia, Linn. COMMON C. or REED-MACE. With flat leaves, these 

 and the stem 6-10 high ; pistillate flowers without bractlets ; no in- 

 terval between the sterile and fertile part of the spike. Common in 

 marshes. 



T. angustifdlia, Linn. NARROW-LEAVED C. Less common, mostly 

 near the coast, smaller ; leaves narrower, more channeled toward the 

 base ; pistillate flowers with hair-like bractlets ; commonly a space be- 

 tween the sterile and the fertile part of the spike. 



2. SPARG-ANIUM, BUR REED. (Name from Greek for a fillet, 

 alluding to the ribbon-shaped leaves.) Flowers summer. 



* Fruit sessile, broad and 'runcate, often 2-seeded. 



S. eurycarpum, Engelm. GREAT B. Border of ponds and streams 

 N. Eng. to Va., and W.j 3-5 high, with panicled-spiked heads, the 

 fertile when in fruit H" thick, the nuts broad-tipped ; stigmas 2 ; leaves 

 s'-f' wide, flat on upper side, keeled and concave-sided on the other. 



* * Fruit slightly stipitate, narrower, always l-celled. 



S. simplex, SMALLER B. In water ; erect, or sometimes floating ; l-2 

 high, mostly with a simple row of heads ; leaves narrower ; stigma simple, 

 linear, as long as the style ; nuts tapering to both ends and with a stalked 

 base. N. Eng. to N. J., and W. Very variable. 



S. minimum. Fries. SMALLEST B. Mostly with leaves floating in 

 shallow water (6'-10' long) and flat ; heads few ; stigma simple, oval ; 

 nuts oval, short-pointed and short-stalked. N. Eng. to Penn., and W. 



CXXXI. PANDANACE^E, SCREW PINE FAMILY. 



Represented in greenhouses by PANDANUS UTILIS, Bory, the 

 striped-leaved P. VEITCHII, Hort., and some other species of 

 the same genus, known as SCREW PINES, all tropical. They 

 are palm-like bushes, ranging from 5-15 high as commonly 

 grown, with prickly-toothed ensiform stiff leaves crowded on 

 woody stems. They seldom blossom in conservatories. The 

 flowers are dioecious, the staminate ones in a mostly branched 

 gpadix, the pistillates in a simple dense spadix. Spathes per- 

 sistent or deciduous, dry or colored. Perianth 0. Stamens 

 numerous. Ovary l-celled, or the ovaries united into a 2-oo- 

 celled compound Que, Fruit berry-like or a woody drupe, 



