334 Successful Pear Culture, 



above most other perpetuals, to general cultivation. In this respect it 

 may be classed with those excellent old roses, La Reine, Baronne 

 Prevost, and Souvenir de la Reine d'Angleterre, with others of more 

 recent origin, like Marechal Vaillant and Madame Clemence Joigneaux, 

 whose robust constitutions, and large, well-formed, showy flowers give 

 ample assurance that they will not soon be superseded. 



Victor Verdier is said to be a seedling from Jules Margottin, which 

 it resembles in form and color, though it certainly does not surpass it 

 in either, the parent flower being as near perfection in its way as any 

 rose probably ever will be. The offspring is, however, of still stronger 

 growth, with thicker petals ; and, if not so well able to bear the high- 

 est test of criticism, is even more effective as a garden flower. 



SUCCESSFUL PEAR CULTURE. — III. 



By T. T. SouTHWKK, Dansville, N. Y. 



TRAINING IN THE ORCHARD. 



Mr. Martin gives about the same general training in the orchard 

 to the standard tree on the pear root as to the dwarf on the quince. 

 That is to say, he trains them both as dwarf pears should be trained. 

 He usually buys two-year-old dwarf pears, as they can be obtained 

 headed low. If he buys yearling standard peai-s, he plants them out, 

 and has a careful man follow after the planters with a measure, and cut 

 each tree uniformly two feet high from the ground. Should he plant 

 two-year trees, either of standard or dwarf, he cuts back the new growth 

 of limbs to within three or four buds of the body. The second year 

 he cuts the new growth to six or eight inches, according to the vigor 

 of the trees, and cuts less and less each succeeding year, merely enough 

 to keep the tree in shape. Strong, straggling growers, like the Vicar, 

 require closer knife-work than weak growers. Buflum and similar 

 upright growers want cutting to outside buds to spread the tree out. 



