THIRTEENTH ANXUAL MEETING. 97 



C onchisions—ThcXi the sulphur, Hme and salt remedy is prac- 

 ticable in the East as well as in the West can no longer be 

 denied. The only question is one of cost and ease of preparation 

 and handling. As compared with kerosene and whale oil soap, 

 it is not so expensive in the raw state, but is somewhat more 

 difficult to prepare owing to the necessity of boiling. This 

 boiling is better and more economically done by steam, but 

 where only a few trees are to be treated it may be satisfactorily 

 boiled in any large iron kettle. 



In application, the sulphur, lime and salt solution is no more 

 difficult to apply than the Bordeaux mixture. Any pump and 

 outfit that W'ill apply the one will be satisfactory for applying 

 the other, while for kerosene a special pump must be used and 

 that with considerable care. With sulphur, lime and salt there 

 is no danger of putting on too much, it stays on for a long 

 time and can be applied in any kind of weather when the trees 

 are not actually w^et. Kerosene can be safely applied only in 

 dry, clear weather, for if the oil does not quickly evaporate, 

 death to the tree is almost sure to result. 



When to spray — Sulphur, lime and salt may be applied at any 

 time when the leaves are off the trees, that is, from November 

 to April. Fall application is, undoubtedly, the most desirable, 

 because the weather is usually more favorable at that time 

 and the solution has more time to act while the scale and 

 trees are dormant. A very good plan where there is a pos- 

 sibility of eradicating the pest is to make one application in the 

 fall, then repeat the following spring, thus making sure of 

 touching all parts of the trees with the material. A verv weak 

 solution of sulphur and lime has been used on trees in foliage, 

 but there is generally no advantage to be gained in attempting 

 to do the work in summer, for while the scales are more easily 

 killed at that time, the}- are much harder to reach with the spray, 

 more solution is ref[uired, and the foliage of most trees will 

 be burned by a solution strong enough to kill the insects. 



Souic hints about spraying — One month's experience with 

 spraying for San Jose scale has led us to think that the secret 

 of success lies in thorough work. All the different formulas 

 we used did the work, so we believe that a somewhat weaker 

 solution can be used with good results. The best caustic lime 

 that can be obtained is the cheapest in the end. Air slaked 

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